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IntroductionOpioid dependence is one of the most common types of illicit drug dependence globally , and has significant impacts upon public health and public order. Individuals misusing opioids are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and have a strong, if varied, association with crime and incarceration . Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) remains one of the best‐researched and most‐utilized opioid substitution treatments (OST) for opioid dependence . Clinical trials have reported methadone as superior to other OSTs in retaining individuals in treatment . Individuals engaged in MMT are associated with a range of positive treatment outcomes, including reductions in criminal activity . Given the chronic nature of opioid dependence, retention in treatment has been identified as an important predictor of favorable treatment outcomes , especially when examining offending risk. Besides the well‐documented associations between drug misuse and crime , criminal histories including violent offending and increased contact with custody are risk factors for poor OST treatment retention . The question of how methadone influences criminal behavior is important, given the elevated risk for crime among individuals with regular and dependent heroin use , and the consequence of criminal histories in preventing treatment initiation and adherence.Available evidence supports the assertion that
Addiction – Wiley
Published: Jan 1, 2018
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