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A Survey of Quantum Entanglement Routing Protocols—Challenges for Wide‐Area Networks

A Survey of Quantum Entanglement Routing Protocols—Challenges for Wide‐Area Networks In this paper, the key challenges (loss due to distance, entanglement routing, multi‐commodities) for the coming quantum internet, relying on entanglement of quantum bits (for short, qubits) on top of an existing network, are analyzed. A unifying framework enabling to compare the various entanglement distribution, purification, and routing protocols published so far is presented. With regard to entanglement routing, the introduction of different time windows will be essential in order to cope efficiently with the main challenges like complex route calculation and fidelity estimation on the one hand, actual entanglement route selection and entangled photon generation on the other hand. For a roll‐out on top of existing transmission networks, all the research publications for the last 20 years start to cover pretty well the global scheme. Nevertheless, open questions remain, like the actual advantage of some task execution prior to the online quantum path selection, or the design of algorithms approximating the multi‐commodities flow optimization problem, or the issue of dealing with a processing time not much longer than the qubit life time. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Advanced Quantum Technologies Wiley

A Survey of Quantum Entanglement Routing Protocols—Challenges for Wide‐Area Networks

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Publisher
Wiley
Copyright
© 2023 Wiley‐VCH GmbH
eISSN
2511-9044
DOI
10.1002/qute.202200180
Publisher site
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Abstract

In this paper, the key challenges (loss due to distance, entanglement routing, multi‐commodities) for the coming quantum internet, relying on entanglement of quantum bits (for short, qubits) on top of an existing network, are analyzed. A unifying framework enabling to compare the various entanglement distribution, purification, and routing protocols published so far is presented. With regard to entanglement routing, the introduction of different time windows will be essential in order to cope efficiently with the main challenges like complex route calculation and fidelity estimation on the one hand, actual entanglement route selection and entangled photon generation on the other hand. For a roll‐out on top of existing transmission networks, all the research publications for the last 20 years start to cover pretty well the global scheme. Nevertheless, open questions remain, like the actual advantage of some task execution prior to the online quantum path selection, or the design of algorithms approximating the multi‐commodities flow optimization problem, or the issue of dealing with a processing time not much longer than the qubit life time.

Journal

Advanced Quantum Technologies – Wiley

Published: May 1, 2023

Keywords: entanglement distribution; entanglement fidelity; entanglement routing; multi‐commodities flow optimization; swapping

References