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Groenevelt Groenevelt, Kay Kay (1974)
On the interaction of water and heat transport in frozen and unfrozen soils, 2, The liquid phaseSoil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 38
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Diurnal Soil-Water Evaporation: Comparison of Measured and Calculated Soil-Water Fluxes 1Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38
B. Kay, P. Groenevelt (1974)
On the Interaction of Water and Heat Transport in Frozen and Unfrozen Soils: I. Basic Theory; The Vapor Phase1Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38
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Kay Kay, Groenevelt Groenevelt (1974)
On the interaction of water and heat in frozen soils, 1, Basic theory; the vapor phaseSoil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 38
P. Groenevelt, B. Kay (1974)
On the Interaction of Water and Heat Transport in Frozen and Unfrozen Soils: II. The Liquid PhaseSoil Science Society of America Journal, 38
P. Wierenga, D. Nielsen, R. Hagan (1969)
Thermal Properties of a Soil Based Upon Field and Laboratory Measurements1Soil Science Society of America Journal, 33
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Simultaneous transfer of heat and moisture in porous mediaEos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 39
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Diurnal soil‐water evaporation: Comparison of measured and calculated soil‐water fluxesSoil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc., 38
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D. Fritton, D. Kirkham, R. Shaw (1970)
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D. Vries (1963)
Thermal properties of soils
Rose Rose (1968)
Water transport in soil with a daily temperature wave, 1, Theory and experimentAust. J. Soil Res., 6
Vries Vries (1958)
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Y. Mualem (1977)
Extension of the similarity hypothesis used for modeling the soil water characteristicsWater Resources Research, 13
W. Jury, E. Miller (1974)
Measurement of the Transport Coefficients for Coupled Flow of Heat and Moisture in a Medium Sand 1Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38
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Moisture and heat transport in hysteretic, inhomogeneous porous media: A matric head‐based formulation and a numerical modelWater Resources Research, 18
The Richards equation, which expresses the conservation of water in an isothermal soil, has a more general form in a nonisothermal soil. In using the latter, it is necessary to know soil temperature, and modeling becomes considerably more complicated. A detailed, numerical simulation model quantifies the thermal effects for two hypothetical soils under two climates. During characteristic 4‐day climatic sequences, in a season of soil heating, diffusion of vapor due to thermally induced vapor concentration gradients suppresses evaporation. The suppression is greatest (5–15% in this set of experiments) under arid conditions. Under these conditions, such thermal vapor diffusion also distorts the usual diurnal pattern of evaporation. Evaporation is generally more sensitive to isothermal than to thermal vapor diffusion. Variations in time and depth of the soil temperature cause corresponding variations in the water transport coefficients. These, in turn, result in biases (2–5%) and diurnal distortions of evaporation rates. Liquid flow attributable to the dependence of matric potential on temperature accounts for about 1% of evaporation in our experiments. In simulations of 1 month duration for each combination of soil and climate, the joint neglect of all thermal effects mentioned above introduces an error of only about 1% in the average evaporation rate and does not distort its time distribution significantly.
Water Resources Research – Wiley
Published: Aug 1, 1984
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