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lauren benton New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Newark hat were the boundaries of the early modern world? Answers to this question rest upon assumptions about the nature of global interconnectedness. World-systems approaches have explicitly marked participation in global production networks as a criterion for inclusion in the world-economy of the sixteenth century, an emphasis that critics have noted leaves Africa and Asia oddly outside its boundaries.1 Highlighting trade is an alternative that leads toward different conclusions--for example, toward a greater emphasis on the importance of Asia in the global system.2 Yet as critics of world-systems history noted decades ago, understanding local-global connections through the analysis of trade invites inadequate attention to local conflicts that appear crucial in structuring regional incorporation in global markets.3 The alternatives, however, have always appeared badly 1 This criticism was raised in reviews in 1977 of the first volume of Wallerstein's trilogy on the world-system. For an overview of these critiques, see Benton, "From the World Systems Perspective to Institutional World History: Culture and Economy in Global Theory," Journal of World History 7 (1996): 26195. 2 See A. G. Frank, ReOrient (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998). 3 Mintz commented on
Journal of World History – University of Hawai'I Press
Published: Mar 1, 2000
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