Role of exercise-induced hepatokines in metabolic disorders

Gaël Ennequin; Pascal Sirvent; Martin Whitham

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00433.2018

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its relationship with cardiovascular disease and other extrahepatic diseases

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Behavioral treatment of the patient with obesity

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Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases

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Follistatin promotes adipocyte differentiation, browning, and energy metabolism

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Diet and exercise reduce low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue but not in skeletal muscle in severely obese subjects

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Hepatic insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose production in mice lacking Fgf21

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Fatty acid-inducible ANGPTL4 governs lipid metabolic response to exercise

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Pronounced effects of acute endurance exercise on gene expression in resting and exercising human skeletal muscle

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The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases

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MSP is a negative regulator of inflammation and lipogenesis in ex vivo models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

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Circulating fibroblast growth factor-21 is elevated in impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes and correlates with muscle and hepatic insulin resistance

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The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus—present and future perspectives

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Hepatic Activation of the FAM3C-HSF1-CaM pathway attenuates hyperglycemia of obese diabetic mice

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Increased selenoprotein P levels in subjects with visceral obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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HSP72 protects against obesity-induced insulin resistance

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 corrects obesity in mice

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A possible link between hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and diet-induced insulin resistance

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Effect of weight loss and exercise on angiogenic factors in the circulation and in adipose tissue in obese subjects

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Acute loading and aging effects on myostatin pathway biomarkers in human skeletal muscle after three sequential bouts of resistance exercise

Dalbo, VJ; Roberts, MD; Sunderland, KL; Poole, CN; Stout, JR; Beck, TW; Bemben, M; Kerksick, CM

NF-kappaB mediates lipid-induced fetuin-A expression in hepatocytes that impairs adipocyte function effecting insulin resistance

Dasgupta, S; Bhattacharya, S; Biswas, A; Majumdar, SS; Mukhopadhyay, S; Ray, S; Bhattacharya, S

Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin

Influence of hormone replacement therapy on eccentric exercise induced myogenic gene expression in postmenopausal women

Dieli-Conwright, CM; Spektor, TM; Rice, JC; Sattler, FR; Schroeder, ET

Myokines in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Eckardt, K; Görgens, SW; Raschke, S; Eckel, J

Lifelong exercise, but not short-term high-intensity interval training, increases GDF11, a marker of successful aging: a preliminary investigation

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Intrahepatic fat, not visceral fat, is linked with metabolic complications of obesity

Fabbrini, E; Magkos, F; Mohammed, BS; Pietka, T; Abumrad, NA; Patterson, BW; Okunade, A; Klein, S

FGF21 and the late adaptive response to starvation in humans

Fazeli, PK; Lun, M; Kim, SM; Bredella, MA; Wright, S; Zhang, Y; Lee, H; Catana, C; Klibanski, A; Patwari, P; Steinhauser, ML

Interleukin-6 is a novel factor mediating glucose homeostasis during skeletal muscle contraction

Febbraio, MA; Hiscock, N; Sacchetti, M; Fischer, CP; Pedersen, BK

Glucose ingestion attenuates the exercise-induced increase in circulating heat shock protein 72 and heat shock protein 60 in humans

Febbraio, MA; Mesa, JL; Chung, J; Steensberg, A; Keller, C; Nielsen, HB; Krustrup, P; Ott, P; Secher, NH; Pedersen, BK

Exercise induces hepatosplanchnic release of heat shock protein 72 in humans

Febbraio, MA; Ott, P; Nielsen, HB; Steensberg, A; Keller, C; Krustrup, P; Secher, NH; Pedersen, BK

A critical role for ChREBP-mediated FGF21 secretion in hepatic fructose metabolism

Fisher, FM; Kim, M; Doridot, L; Cunniff, JC; Parker, TS; Levine, DM; Hellerstein, MK; Hudgins, LC; Maratos-Flier, E; Herman, MA

Modulating fibroblast growth factor 21 in hyperphagic OLETF rats with daily exercise and caloric restriction

Fletcher, JA; Meers, GM; Laughlin, MH; Ibdah, JA; Thyfault, JP; Rector, RS

Fibroblast growth factor 21 and exercise-induced hepatic mitochondrial adaptations

Fletcher, JA; Linden, MA; Sheldon, RD; Meers, GM; Morris, EM; Butterfield, A; Perfield, JW; Thyfault, JP; Rector, RS

Research resource: comprehensive expression atlas of the fibroblast growth factor system in adult mouse

Fon Tacer, K; Bookout, AL; Ding, X; Kurosu, H; John, GB; Wang, L; Goetz, R; Mohammadi, M; Kuro-o, M; Mangelsdorf, DJ; Kliewer, SA

Effectiveness and safety of high-intensity interval training in patients with type 2 diabetes

Francois, ME; Little, JP

Toll-like receptor 4 modulates skeletal muscle substrate metabolism

Frisard, MI; McMillan, RP; Marchand, J; Wahlberg, KA; Wu, Y; Voelker, KA; Heilbronn, L; Haynie, K; Muoio, B; Li, L; Hulver, MW

The effects of LY2405319, an FGF21 analog, in obese human subjects with type 2 diabetes

Gaich, G; Chien, JY; Fu, H; Glass, LC; Deeg, MA; Holland, WL; Kharitonenkov, A; Bumol, T; Schilske, HK; Moller, DE

Metabolic crosstalk between fatty pancreas and fatty liver: effects on local inflammation and insulin secretion

Gerst, F; Wagner, R; Kaiser, G; Panse, M; Heni, M; Machann, J; Bongers, MN; Sartorius, T; Sipos, B; Fend, F; Thiel, C; Nadalin, S; Königsrainer, A; Stefan, N; Fritsche, A; Häring, HU; Ullrich, S; Siegel-Axel, D

Hepatocyte-secreted DPP4 in obesity promotes adipose inflammation and insulin resistance

Ghorpade, DS; Ozcan, L; Zheng, Z; Nicoloro, SM; Shen, Y; Chen, E; Blüher, M; Czech, MP; Tabas, I

Follistatin induces muscle hypertrophy through satellite cell proliferation and inhibition of both myostatin and activin

Gilson, H; Schakman, O; Kalista, S; Lause, P; Tsuchida, K; Thissen, JP

Ahsg-fetuin blocks the metabolic arm of insulin action through its interaction with the 95-kD β-subunit of the insulin receptor

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Angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) protein is a physiological mediator of intracellular lipolysis in murine adipocytes

Gray, NE; Lam, LN; Yang, K; Zhou, AY; Koliwad, S; Wang, JC

Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in liver injury and hepatic fibrogenesis

Guo, J; Friedman, SL

Exercise and the regulation of endocrine hormones

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Hepatokine α1-microglobulin signaling exacerbates inflammation and disturbs fibrotic repair in mouse myocardial infarction

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Exercise induces a marked increase in plasma follistatin: evidence that follistatin is a contraction-induced hepatokine

Hansen, J; Brandt, C; Nielsen, AR; Hojman, P; Whitham, M; Febbraio, MA; Pedersen, BK; Plomgaard, P

Plasma follistatin is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes: relationship to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and systemic low-grade inflammation

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Glucagon-to-insulin ratio is pivotal for splanchnic regulation of FGF-21 in humans

Hansen, JS; Clemmesen, JO; Secher, NH; Hoene, M; Drescher, A; Weigert, C; Pedersen, BK; Plomgaard, P

Exercise-induced secretion of FGF21 and follistatin are blocked by pancreatic clamp and impaired in type 2 diabetes

Hansen, JS; Pedersen, BK; Xu, G; Lehmann, R; Weigert, C; Plomgaard, P

Circulating follistatin is liver-derived and regulated by the glucagon-to-insulin ratio

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Activin E controls energy homeostasis in both brown and white adipose tissues as a hepatokine

Hashimoto, O; Funaba, M; Sekiyama, K; Doi, S; Shindo, D; Satoh, R; Itoi, H; Oiwa, H; Morita, M; Suzuki, C; Sugiyama, M; Yamakawa, N; Takada, H; Matsumura, S; Inoue, K; Oyadomari, S; Sugino, H; Kurisaki, A

Effects of exercise on C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokine and adipokine in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Hayashino, Y; Jackson, JL; Hirata, T; Fukumori, N; Nakamura, F; Fukuhara, S; Tsujii, S; Ishii, H

Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in the liver of mice is related to plasma glucose levels after acute exercise

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Acute regulation of metabolic genes and insulin receptor substrates in the liver of mice by one single bout of treadmill exercise

Hoene, M; Lehmann, R; Hennige, AM; Pohl, AK; Häring, HU; Schleicher, ED; Weigert, C

Effects of elastic band resistance training and nutritional supplementation on muscle quality and circulating muscle growth and degradation factors of institutionalized elderly women: the Vienna Active Ageing Study (VAAS)

Hofmann, M; Schober-Halper, B; Oesen, S; Franzke, B; Tschan, H; Bachl, N; Strasser, EM; Quittan, M; Wagner, KH; Wessner, B

A dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor improves hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance by AMPK-dependent and JNK-dependent inhibition of LECT2 expression

Hwang, HJ; Jung, TW; Kim, BH; Hong, HC; Seo, JA; Kim, SG; Kim, NH; Choi, KM; Choi, DS; Baik, SH; Yoo, HJ

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 is an exercise-induced hepatokine in humans, regulated by glucagon and cAMP

Ingerslev, B; Hansen, JS; Hoffmann, C; Clemmesen, JO; Secher, NH; Scheler, M; Hrabĕ de Angelis, M; Häring, HU; Pedersen, BK; Weigert, C; Plomgaard, P

Selenoprotein P as a diabetes-associated hepatokine that impairs angiogenesis by inducing VEGF resistance in vascular endothelial cells

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Association of fetuin-A with incident diabetes mellitus in community-living older adults: the cardiovascular health study

Ix, JH; Biggs, ML; Mukamal, KJ; Kizer, JR; Zieman, SJ; Siscovick, DS; Mozzaffarian, D; Jensen, MK; Nelson, L; Ruderman, N; Djousse, L

FGF21 is an Akt-regulated myokine

Izumiya, Y; Bina, HA; Ouchi, N; Akasaki, Y; Kharitonenkov, A; Walsh, K

Fast/glycolytic muscle fiber growth reduces fat mass and improves metabolic parameters in obese mice

Izumiya, Y; Hopkins, T; Morris, C; Sato, K; Zeng, L; Viereck, J; Hamilton, JA; Ouchi, N; LeBrasseur, NK; Walsh, K

Loss of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in mice with diet-induced obesity uncouples visceral obesity from glucose intolerance partly via the gut microbiota

Janssen, AW; Katiraei, S; Bartosinska, B; Eberhard, D; Willems van Dijk, K; Kersten, S

The impact of liver fat vs visceral fat in determining categories of prediabetes

Kantartzis, K; Machann, J; Schick, F; Fritsche, A; Häring, HU; Stefan, N

Exercise training attenuates hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and macrophage infiltration during diet induced-obesity in mice

Kawanishi, N; Yano, H; Mizokami, T; Takahashi, M; Oyanagi, E; Suzuki, K

Exercise training inhibits inflammation in adipose tissue via both suppression of macrophage infiltration and acceleration of phenotypic switching from M1 to M2 macrophages in high-fat-diet-induced obese mice

Kawanishi, N; Yano, H; Yokogawa, Y; Suzuki, K

A systematic review and meta-analysis of interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on body adiposity

Keating, SE; Johnson, NA; Mielke, GI; Coombes, JS

Caloric restriction and exercise increase plasma ANGPTL4 levels in humans via elevated free fatty acids

Kersten, S; Lichtenstein, L; Steenbergen, E; Mudde, K; Hendriks, HF; Hesselink, MK; Schrauwen, P; Müller, M

Inventing new medicines: the FGF21 story

Kharitonenkov, A; Adams, AC

FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator

Kharitonenkov, A; Shiyanova, TL; Koester, A; Ford, AM; Micanovic, R; Galbreath, EJ; Sandusky, GE; Hammond, LJ; Moyers, JS; Owens, RA; Gromada, J; Brozinick, JT; Hawkins, ED; Wroblewski, VJ; Li, DS; Mehrbod, F; Jaskunas, SR; Shanafelt, AB

Acute exercise induces FGF21 expression in mice and in healthy humans

Kim, KH; Kim, SH; Min, YK; Yang, HM; Lee, JB; Lee, MS

Adaptation of hepatic mitochondrial function in humans with non-alcoholic fatty liver is lost in steatohepatitis

Koliaki, C; Szendroedi, J; Kaul, K; Jelenik, T; Nowotny, P; Jankowiak, F; Herder, C; Carstensen, M; Krausch, M; Knoefel, WT; Schlensak, M; Roden, M

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 and postprandial skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in overweight and obese prediabetics

van der Kolk, BW; Goossens, GH; Jocken, JW; Kersten, S; Blaak, EE

Short-term high-intensity interval training on body composition and blood glucose in overweight and obese young women

Kong, Z; Sun, S; Liu, M; Shi, Q

Transgenic angiopoietin-like (angptl)4 overexpression and targeted disruption of angptl4 and angptl3: regulation of triglyceride metabolism

Köster, A; Chao, YB; Mosior, M; Ford, A; Gonzalez-DeWhitt, PA; Hale, JE; Li, D; Qiu, Y; Fraser, CC; Yang, DD; Heuer, JG; Jaskunas, SR; Eacho, P

Inhibins, activins and follistatin in reproduction

de Kretser, DM; Hedger, MP; Loveland, KL; Phillips, DJ

Tissue-specific expression of betaKlotho and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor isoforms determines metabolic activity of FGF19 and FGF21

Kurosu, H; Choi, M; Ogawa, Y; Dickson, AS; Goetz, R; Eliseenkova, AV; Mohammadi, M; Rosenblatt, KP; Kliewer, SA; Kuro-o, M

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 inhibition of lipoprotein lipase: evidence for reversible complex formation

Lafferty, MJ; Bradford, KC; Erie, DA; Neher, SB

An engineered FGF21 variant, LY2405319, can prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by enhancing hepatic mitochondrial function

Lee, JH; Kang, YE; Chang, JY; Park, KC; Kim, HW; Kim, JT; Kim, HJ; Yi, HS; Shong, M; Chung, HK; Kim, KS

Interaction between plasma fetuin-A and free fatty acids predicts changes in insulin sensitivity in response to long-term exercise

Lee, S; Norheim, F; Gulseth, HL; Langleite, TM; Kolnes, KJ; Tangen, DS; Stadheim, HK; Gilfillan, GD; Holen, T; Birkeland, KI; Jensen, J; Drevon, CA

Fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients and are correlated with hepatic triglyceride

Li, H; Fang, Q; Gao, F; Fan, J; Zhou, J; Wang, X; Zhang, H; Pan, X; Bao, Y; Xiang, K; Xu, A; Jia, W

Elevated RBP4 plasma levels were associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes

Li, JY; Chen, XX; Lu, XH; Zhang, CB; Shi, QP; Feng, L

Retinoic acid receptor β stimulates hepatic induction of fibroblast growth factor 21 to promote fatty acid oxidation and control whole-body energy homeostasis in mice

Li, Y; Wong, K; Walsh, K; Gao, B; Zang, M

Angptl4 upregulates cholesterol synthesis in liver via inhibition of LPL- and HL-dependent hepatic cholesterol uptake

Lichtenstein, L; Berbée, JF; van Dijk, SJ; van Dijk, KW; Bensadoun, A; Kema, IP; Voshol, PJ; Müller, M; Rensen, PC; Kersten, S

Differential expression of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (fetuin) gene in a model of diet-induced obesity

Lin, X; Braymer, HD; Bray, GA; York, DA

Fibroblast growth factor 21 is required for beneficial effects of exercise during chronic high-fat feeding

Loyd, C; Magrisso, IJ; Haas, M; Balusu, S; Krishna, R; Itoh, N; Sandoval, DA; Perez-Tilve, D; Obici, S; Habegger, KM

Circulating FGF21 in humans is potently induced by short term overfeeding of carbohydrates

Lundsgaard, AM; Fritzen, AM; Sjøberg, KA; Myrmel, LS; Madsen, L; Wojtaszewski, JF; Richter, EA; Kiens, B

Fetuin-A is linked to improved glucose tolerance after short-term exercise training in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Malin, SK; Mulya, A; Fealy, CE; Haus, JM; Pagadala, MR; Scelsi, AR; Huang, H; Flask, CA; McCullough, AJ; Kirwan, JP

Exercise-induced lowering of fetuin-A may increase hepatic insulin sensitivity

Malin, SK; del Rincon, JP; Huang, H; Kirwan, JP

Circulating FGF21 is liver derived and enhances glucose uptake during refeeding and overfeeding

Markan, KR; Naber, MC; Ameka, MK; Anderegg, MD; Mangelsdorf, DJ; Kliewer, SA; Mohammadi, M; Potthoff, MJ

Skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of heat shock protein 72 improves skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake but does not alter whole body metabolism

Marshall, JP; Estevez, E; Kammoun, HL; King, EJ; Bruce, CR; Drew, BG; Qian, H; Iliades, P; Gregorevic, P; Febbraio, MA; Henstridge, DC

Direct effects of FGF21 on glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle: implications for type 2 diabetes and obesity

Mashili, FL; Austin, RL; Deshmukh, AS; Fritz, T; Caidahl, K; Bergdahl, K; Zierath, JR; Chibalin, AV; Moller, DE; Kharitonenkov, A; Krook, A

Plasma fetuin-A and phosphofetuin-A (Ser312) responses to a single or short-term repeated bout of exercise in obese and normal-weight individuals (Abstract)

Mathews, S; Ren, G; He, X; Bowers, R; Araya-Ramirez, F; Littlefield, L; Grandjean, P

α2-HSG, a specific inhibitor of insulin receptor autophosphorylation, interacts with the insulin receptor

Mathews, ST; Chellam, N; Srinivas, PR; Cintron, VJ; Leon, MA; Goustin, AS; Grunberger, G

Fetuin-null mice are protected against obesity and insulin resistance associated with aging

Mathews, ST; Rakhade, S; Zhou, X; Parker, GC; Coscina, DV; Grunberger, G

Improved insulin sensitivity and resistance to weight gain in mice null for the Ahsg gene

Mathews, ST; Singh, GP; Ranalletta, M; Cintron, VJ; Qiang, X; Goustin, AS; Jen, KL; Charron, MJ; Jahnen-Dechent, W; Grunberger, G

Fetuin B is a secreted hepatocyte factor linking steatosis to impaired glucose metabolism

Meex, RC; Hoy, AJ; Morris, A; Brown, RD; Lo, JC; Burke, M; Goode, RJ; Kingwell, BA; Kraakman, MJ; Febbraio, MA; Greve, JW; Rensen, SS; Molloy, MP; Lancaster, GI; Bruce, CR; Watt, MJ

Hepatokines: linking nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance

Meex, RC; Watt, MJ

A liver-derived secretory protein, selenoprotein P, causes insulin resistance

Misu, H; Takamura, T; Takayama, H; Hayashi, H; Matsuzawa-Nagata, N; Kurita, S; Ishikura, K; Ando, H; Takeshita, Y; Ota, T; Sakurai, M; Yamashita, T; Mizukoshi, E; Yamashita, T; Honda, M; Miyamoto, K; Kubota, T; Kubota, N; Kadowaki, T; Kim, HJ; Lee, IK; Minokoshi, Y; Saito, Y; Takahashi, K; Yamada, Y; Takakura, N; Kaneko, S

Deficiency of the hepatokine selenoprotein P increases responsiveness to exercise in mice through upregulation of reactive oxygen species and AMP-activated protein kinase in muscle

Misu, H; Takayama, H; Saito, Y; Mita, Y; Kikuchi, A; Ishii, KA; Chikamoto, K; Kanamori, T; Tajima, N; Lan, F; Takeshita, Y; Honda, M; Tanaka, M; Kato, S; Matsuyama, N; Yoshioka, Y; Iwayama, K; Tokuyama, K; Akazawa, N; Maeda, S; Takekoshi, K; Matsugo, S; Noguchi, N; Kaneko, S; Takamura, T

RBP4 activates antigen-presenting cells, leading to adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance

Moraes-Vieira, PM; Yore, MM; Dwyer, PM; Syed, I; Aryal, P; Kahn, BB

Causality between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis with bias analysis

Morrison, AE; Zaccardi, F; Khunti, K; Davies, MJ

Divergent effects of resistance and endurance exercise on plasma bile acids, FGF19, and FGF21 in humans

Morville, T; Sahl, RE; Trammell, SA; Svenningsen, JS; Gillum, MP; Helge, JW; Clemmensen, C

Identification of a novel FGF, FGF-21, preferentially expressed in the liver

Nishimura, T; Nakatake, Y; Konishi, M; Itoh, N

Regulation of angiopoietin-like protein 4 production during and after exercise

Norheim, F; Hjorth, M; Langleite, TM; Lee, S; Holen, T; Bindesbøll, C; Stadheim, HK; Gulseth, HL; Birkeland, KI; Kielland, A; Jensen, J; Dalen, KT; Drevon, CA

Nutrition and physical activity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Oliveira, CP; de Lima Sanches, P; de Abreu-Silva, EO; Marcadenti, A

Evidence that interleukin-6 is produced in human skeletal muscle during prolonged running

Ostrowski, K; Rohde, T; Zacho, M; Asp, S; Pedersen, BK

Serum fetuin-A concentrations are elevated in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes

Ou, HY; Yang, YC; Wu, HT; Wu, JS; Lu, FH; Chang, CJ

Increased fetuin-A concentrations in impaired glucose tolerance with or without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but not impaired fasting glucose

Ou, HY; Yang, YC; Wu, HT; Wu, JS; Lu, FH; Chang, CJ

Fetuin-A acts as an endogenous ligand of TLR4 to promote lipid-induced insulin resistance

Pal, D; Dasgupta, S; Kundu, R; Maitra, S; Das, G; Mukhopadhyay, S; Ray, S; Majumdar, SS; Bhattacharya, S

Biomarkers of insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance: past, present and future

Park, SE; Park, CY; Sweeney, G

Muscle as a secretory organ

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Muscles, exercise and obesity: skeletal muscle as a secretory organ

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The hepatokines fetuin-A and fetuin-B are upregulated in the state of hepatic steatosis and may differently impact on glucose homeostasis in humans

Peter, A; Kovarova, M; Staiger, H; Machann, J; Schick, F; Königsrainer, A; Königsrainer, I; Schleicher, E; Fritsche, A; Häring, HU; Stefan, N

Expression Atlas update—an integrated database of gene and protein expression in humans, animals and plants

Petryszak, R; Keays, M; Tang, YA; Fonseca, NA; Barrera, E; Burdett, T; Füllgrabe, A; Fuentes, AM; Jupp, S; Koskinen, S; Mannion, O; Huerta, L; Megy, K; Snow, C; Williams, E; Barzine, M; Hastings, E; Weisser, H; Wright, J; Jaiswal, P; Huber, W; Choudhary, J; Parkinson, HE; Brazma, A

Toll-like receptor expression and response to specific stimulation in adipocytes and preadipocytes: on the role of fat in inflammation

Pietsch, J; Batra, A; Stroh, T; Fedke, I; Glauben, R; Okur, B; Zeitz, M; Siegmund, B

Activin A and follistatin in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Polyzos, SA; Kountouras, J; Anastasilakis, AD; Triantafyllou, GΑ; Mantzoros, CS

Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in adipose tissue do not require FGF21

Porter, JW; Rowles, JL; Fletcher, JA; Zidon, TM; Winn, NC; McCabe, LT; Park, Y-M; Perfield, JW; Thyfault, JP; Rector, RS; Padilla, J; Vieira-Potter, VJ

The effects of aerobic exercises and 25(OH) D supplementation on GLP1 and DPP4 level in type II diabetic patients

Rahimi, N; Samavati Sharif, MA; Goharian, AR; Pour, AH

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review

Rinella, ME

Serum angiopoietin-like 4 protein levels and expression in adipose tissue are inversely correlated with obesity in monozygotic twins

Robciuc, MR; Naukkarinen, J; Ortega-Alonso, A; Tyynismaa, H; Raivio, T; Rissanen, A; Kaprio, J; Ehnholm, C; Jauhiainen, M; Pietiläinen, KH

Resistance training increases SHBG in overweight/obese, young men

Roberts, CK; Croymans, DM; Aziz, N; Butch, AW; Lee, CC

Inhibition of myostatin with emphasis on follistatin as a therapy for muscle disease

Rodino-Klapac, LR; Haidet, AM; Kota, J; Handy, C; Kaspar, BK; Mendell, JR

Preventive roles of swimming exercise and pioglitazone treatment on hepatic dysfunction in a rat model of metabolic syndrome

Sakr, HF; Al-Hashem, FH; El-Naby, WM; Alkhateeb, MA; Zaki, MS; Refaey, HM; Morsy, MD

Inhibition of protein kinase Cepsilon prevents hepatic insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Samuel, VT; Liu, ZX; Wang, A; Beddow, SA; Geisler, JG; Kahn, M; Zhang, XM; Monia, BP; Bhanot, S; Shulman, GI

The influence of adiposity and acute exercise on circulating hepatokines in normal-weight and overweight/obese men

Sargeant, JA; Aithal, GP; Takamura, T; Misu, H; Takayama, H; Douglas, JA; Turner, MC; Stensel, DJ; Nimmo, MA; Webb, DR; Yates, T; King, JA

Fetuin A promotes lipotoxicity in β cells through the TLR4 signaling pathway and the role of pioglitazone in anti-lipotoxicity

Shen, X; Yang, L; Yan, S; Zheng, H; Liang, L; Cai, X; Liao, M

TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance

Shi, H; Kokoeva, MV; Inouye, K; Tzameli, I; Yin, H; Flier, JS

Primary structure of the human follistatin precursor and its genomic organization

Shimasaki, S; Koga, M; Esch, F; Cooksey, K; Mercado, M; Koba, A; Ueno, N; Ying, SY; Ling, N; Guillemin, R

Effect of physical training on liver expression of activin A and follistatin in a nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model in rats

Silva, RN; Bueno, PG; Avó, LR; Nonaka, KO; Selistre-Araújo, HS; Leal, AM

Novel insights in SHBG regulation and clinical implications

Simó, R; Sáez-López, C; Barbosa-Desongles, A; Hernández, C; Selva, DM

Attenuated fibroblast growth factor 21 response to acute aerobic exercise in obese individuals

Slusher, AL; Whitehurst, M; Zoeller, RF; Mock, JT; Maharaj, M; Huang, CJ

Activation of Toll-like receptor 4 is associated with insulin resistance in adipocytes

Song, MJ; Kim, KH; Yoon, JM; Kim, JB

Serum alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein is an inhibitor of the human insulin receptor at the tyrosine kinase level

Srinivas, PR; Wagner, AS; Reddy, LV; Deutsch, DD; Leon, MA; Goustin, AS; Grunberger, G

Muscle-derived angiopoietin-like protein 4 is induced by fatty acids via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-delta and is of metabolic relevance in humans

Staiger, H; Haas, C; Machann, J; Werner, R; Weisser, M; Schick, F; Machicao, F; Stefan, N; Fritsche, A; Häring, HU

Fibroblast growth factor 21-metabolic role in mice and men

Staiger, H; Keuper, M; Berti, L; Hrabe de Angelis, M; Häring, HU

Production of interleukin-6 in contracting human skeletal muscles can account for the exercise-induced increase in plasma interleukin-6

Steensberg, A; van Hall, G; Osada, T; Sacchetti, M; Saltin, B; Klarlund Pedersen, B

The role of hepatokines in metabolism

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Circulating fetuin-A and free fatty acids interact to predict insulin resistance in humans

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: causes, diagnosis, cardiometabolic consequences, and treatment strategies

Stefan, N; Häring, HU; Cusi, K

Alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein/fetuin-A is associated with insulin resistance and fat accumulation in the liver in humans

Stefan, N; Hennige, AM; Staiger, H; Machann, J; Schick, F; Kröber, SM; Machicao, F; Fritsche, A; Häring, HU

Identification and characterization of metabolically benign obesity in humans

Stefan, N; Kantartzis, K; Machann, J; Schick, F; Thamer, C; Rittig, K; Balletshofer, B; Machicao, F; Fritsche, A; Häring, HU

Therapeutic approaches to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: exercise intervention and related mechanisms

Takahashi, H; Kotani, K; Tanaka, K; Egucih, Y; Anzai, K

High glucose induces transactivation of the alpha2-HS glycoprotein gene through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway

Takata, H; Ikeda, Y; Suehiro, T; Ishibashi, A; Inoue, M; Kumon, Y; Terada, Y

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in human cerebrospinal fluid: relationship with plasma FGF21 and body adiposity

Tan, BK; Hallschmid, M; Adya, R; Kern, W; Lehnert, H; Randeva, HS

Cardiorespiratory fitness and visceral fat are key determinants of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 concentration in Japanese men

Taniguchi, H; Tanisawa, K; Sun, X; Cao, ZB; Oshima, S; Ise, R; Sakamoto, S; Higuchi, M

Endurance exercise reduces hepatic fat content and serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in elderly men

Taniguchi, H; Tanisawa, K; Sun, X; Kubo, T; Higuchi, M

Acute exercise increases fibroblast growth factor 21 in metabolic organs and circulation

Tanimura, Y; Aoi, W; Takanami, Y; Kawai, Y; Mizushima, K; Naito, Y; Yoshikawa, T

Inactivating hepatic follistatin alleviates hyperglycemia

Tao, R; Wang, C; Stöhr, O; Qiu, W; Hu, Y; Miao, J; Dong, XC; Leng, S; Stefater, M; Stylopoulos, N; Lin, L; Copps, KD; White, MF

Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults: a systematic review

Thoma, C; Day, CP; Trenell, MI

Fetuin-A: a novel link between obesity and related complications

Trepanowski, JF; Mey, J; Varady, KA

Increased activin bioavailability enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity while inducing hepatic steatosis in male mice

Ungerleider, NA; Bonomi, LM; Brown, ML; Schneyer, AL

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance but induces liver steatosis in high-fat-diet mice

Wang, Y; Liu, LM; Wei, L; Ye, WW; Meng, XY; Chen, F; Xiao, Q; Chen, JY; Zhou, Y

The ever-expanding myokinome: discovery challenges and therapeutic implications

Whitham, M; Febbraio, MA

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a challenge for pediatricians

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The role of hepassocin in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Wu, HT; Lu, FH; Ou, HY; Su, YC; Hung, HC; Wu, JS; Yang, YC; Wu, CL; Chang, CJ

A novel hepatokine, HFREP1, plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes

Wu, HT; Ou, HY; Hung, HC; Su, YC; Lu, FH; Wu, JS; Yang, YC; Wu, CL; Chang, CJ

Retinol binding protein 4 stimulates hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 and increases lipogenesis through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1β-dependent pathway

Xia, M; Liu, Y; Guo, H; Wang, D; Wang, Y; Ling, W

Mapping the molecular signatures of diet-induced NASH and its regulation by the hepatokine Tsukushi

Xiong, X; Wang, Q; Wang, S; Zhang, J; Liu, T; Guo, L; Yu, Y; Lin, JD

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 decreases blood glucose and improves glucose tolerance but induces hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in mice

Xu, A; Lam, MC; Chan, KW; Wang, Y; Zhang, J; Hoo, RL; Xu, JY; Chen, B; Chow, WS; Tso, AW; Lam, KS

Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses hepatic steatosis, increases energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice

Xu, J; Lloyd, DJ; Hale, C; Stanislaus, S; Chen, M; Sivits, G; Vonderfecht, S; Hecht, R; Li, YS; Lindberg, RA; Chen, JL; Jung, DY; Zhang, Z; Ko, HJ; Kim, JK; Véniant, MM

Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels are closely associated with hepatic fat content: a cross-sectional study

Yan, H; Xia, M; Chang, X; Xu, Q; Bian, H; Zeng, M; Rao, S; Yao, X; Tu, Y; Jia, W; Gao, X

Effects of a three-month combined exercise programme on fibroblast growth factor 21 and fetuin-A levels and arterial stiffness in obese women

Yang, SJ; Hong, HC; Choi, HY; Yoo, HJ; Cho, GJ; Hwang, TG; Baik, SH; Choi, DS; Kim, SM; Choi, KM

Serum fetuin A/α2HS-glycoprotein levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: relation with liver fibrosis

Yilmaz, Y; Yonal, O; Kurt, R; Ari, F; Oral, AY; Celikel, CA; Korkmaz, S; Ulukaya, E; Ozdogan, O; Imeryuz, N; Avsar, E; Kalayci, C

A complex role of activin A in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Yndestad, A; Haukeland, JW; Dahl, TB; Bjøro, K; Gladhaug, IP; Berge, C; Damås, JK; Haaland, T; Løberg, EM; Linnestad, P; Birkeland, K; Konopski, Z; Halvorsen, B; Berge, RK; Aukrust, P

Circadian rhythm of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 is related to diurnal changes in fatty acids in humans

Yu, H; Xia, F; Lam, KSL; Wang, Y; Bao, Y; Zhang, J; Gu, Y; Zhou, P; Lu, J; Jia, W; Xu, A

Hepatic regulation of VLDL receptor by PPARβ/δ and FGF21 modulates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Zarei, M; Barroso, E; Palomer, X; Dai, J; Rada, P; Quesada-López, T; Escolà-Gil, JC; Cedó, L; Zali, MR; Molaei, M; Dabiri, R; Vázquez, S; Pujol, E; Valverde, ÁM; Villarroya, F; Liu, Y; Wahli, W; Vázquez-Carrera, M

Serum FGF21 levels are increased in obesity and are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in humans

Zhang, X; Yeung, DC; Karpisek, M; Stejskal, D; Zhou, ZG; Liu, F; Wong, RL; Chow, WS; Tso, AW; Lam, KS; Xu, A

Overcoming insulin insufficiency by forced follistatin expression in β-cells of db/db mice

Zhao, C; Qiao, C; Tang, RH; Jiang, J; Li, J; Martin, CB; Bulaklak, K; Li, J; Wang, DW; Xiao, X

Hepatic F-box protein FBXW7 maintains glucose homeostasis through degradation of fetuin-A

Zhao, J; Xiong, X; Li, Y; Liu, X; Wang, T; Zhang, H; Jiao, Y; Jiang, J; Zhang, H; Tang, Q; Gao, X; Li, X; Lu, Y; Liu, B; Hu, C; Li, X

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Role of exercise-induced hepatokines in metabolic disorders

Role of exercise-induced hepatokines in metabolic disorders

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Role of exercise-induced hepatokines in metabolic disorders

Role of exercise-induced hepatokines in metabolic disorders

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