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........................................................................................... I. Introduction II. Neuronal Circuitry of the Organ of Corti ............................................................ A. Afferent innervations .............................................................................. B. Efferent olivor innervations ............................................................... C. Sympathetic innervation(s) of the ........................................................ III. Hair Cell Neurotransmitter(s) ........................................................................ A. Status of glutamatergic hypothesis of inner hair cell neurotransmission ....................... B. Outer hair cell neurotransmitter(s) ............................................................... IV. Efferent and Neuromodulators .................................................. A. Acetylcholine ...................................................................................... B. y-Aminobutyric acid ............................................................................... C. Dopamine .......................................................................................... D. Enkephalins ....................................................................................... E. Dynorphins ........................................................................................ F. Calcitonin gene-related peptide ................................................................... G. Excitatory amino acids ............................................................................ V. Other Neuroactive Substances in the ........................................................ A. Adenosine .......................................................................................... B. Adenosine 5â-triphosphate ......................................................................... C. Taurine ............................................................................................. D. Auditory nerve-activating substance .............................................................. E. Histamine .......................................................................................... VI. Conclusions ............................................................................................ A. Excitatory amino acid-related pathologies in the ........................................ B. Involvement of cholinergic medial efferent innervation in ototoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics? ................................................................ C. Coexistence of efferent and neuromodulators and their possible functional consequences ...................................................................... D. Evidence for a paracrine modulation in the ? ............................................. E. Base versus apex neurochemical and functional distinctions in the ..................... I. INTRODUCTION Since the late 197Os, drastic advances have been made in the field of peripheral auditory research. Among these are the results from intracellular hair cell recording (138, 572, 573), the demonstration of the fine
Physiological Reviews – The American Physiological Society
Published: Apr 1, 1993
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