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Neurophysiology of the suprachiasmatic circadian pacemaker in rodents

Neurophysiology of the suprachiasmatic circadian pacemaker in rodents Vol. 69, No. 3, July 1989 J. H. MEIJER Department AND W. J. RIETVELD University, of Physiology, Leiden Leiden, The Netherlands I. Introduction ......................................................... II. Input of Circadian Pacemaker ......................................... A. Identification of neural afferents ................................... B. Visual properties of suprachiasmatic nuclei ......................... C. Functional significance of afferent pathways ........................ ................. D. Pharmacological manipulation of circadian rhythms III. Organization of Circadian Pacemaker .................................. A. Evidence for suprachiasmatic nuclei as a pacemaker ................. B. Morphology and anatomy of suprachiasmatic nuclei ................. C. Electrical activity of suprachiasmatic nuclei ........................ D. Machinery of circadian pacemaker .................................. IV. Efferents of Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ................................... .................................................... A. Neuroanatomy B. Neuropharmacology ............................................... C. Functional considerations .......................................... I. INTRODUCTION Twenty-four-hour rhythms in many behavioral and physiological functions have long been ascribed to the environmental day-night cycle. Various external variables besides the alternating light and darkness also have 24-h cycles, such as temperature and humidity. The role of all these external cycles in generating rhythmicity has systematically been falsified in exclusion experiments. Finally, it was recognized that 24-h rhythms can be endogenous, that is, arise within organisms. The first experiment that we know of was carried out by de Mairan (45) at the beginning of the 18th http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Physiological Reviews The American Physiological Society

Neurophysiology of the suprachiasmatic circadian pacemaker in rodents

J. H. Meijer and W. J. Rietveld
Physiological Reviews , Volume 69: 671 – Jul 1, 1989
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Publisher
The American Physiological Society
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 the American Physiological Society
ISSN
0031-9333
eISSN
1522-1210
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Abstract

Vol. 69, No. 3, July 1989 J. H. MEIJER Department AND W. J. RIETVELD University, of Physiology, Leiden Leiden, The Netherlands I. Introduction ......................................................... II. Input of Circadian Pacemaker ......................................... A. Identification of neural afferents ................................... B. Visual properties of suprachiasmatic nuclei ......................... C. Functional significance of afferent pathways ........................ ................. D. Pharmacological manipulation of circadian rhythms III. Organization of Circadian Pacemaker .................................. A. Evidence for suprachiasmatic nuclei as a pacemaker ................. B. Morphology and anatomy of suprachiasmatic nuclei ................. C. Electrical activity of suprachiasmatic nuclei ........................ D. Machinery of circadian pacemaker .................................. IV. Efferents of Suprachiasmatic Nuclei ................................... .................................................... A. Neuroanatomy B. Neuropharmacology ............................................... C. Functional considerations .......................................... I. INTRODUCTION Twenty-four-hour rhythms in many behavioral and physiological functions have long been ascribed to the environmental day-night cycle. Various external variables besides the alternating light and darkness also have 24-h cycles, such as temperature and humidity. The role of all these external cycles in generating rhythmicity has systematically been falsified in exclusion experiments. Finally, it was recognized that 24-h rhythms can be endogenous, that is, arise within organisms. The first experiment that we know of was carried out by de Mairan (45) at the beginning of the 18th

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Physiological Reviews – The American Physiological Society

Published: Jul 1, 1989

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