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Energy metabolism and contractility in ectothermic vertebrate hearts: hypoxia, acidosis, and low temperature

Energy metabolism and contractility in ectothermic vertebrate hearts: hypoxia, acidosis, and low... WILLIAM R. DRIEDZIC AND HANS GESSER Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada; and Department of Zoophysiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark I. Introduction ........................................................................................... A. Objectives .......................................................................................... B. Animals of study and their ecophysiology ........................................................ C. Heart anatomy and vascularization ............................................................... D. In situ heart performance ......................................................................... E. Cellular features ................................................................................... II. Impact of Oxygen-Limiting Conditions ............................................................... A. In situ performance ............................................................................... B. Importance of myoglobin .......................................................................... ..................................................... C. Metabolic rates and high-energy phosphates D. Metabolic control at the enzyme level ............................................................. E. Determinants of calcium-activated force under hypoxia ......................................... III. Contractility Under Acidotic Conditions ............................................................. ............................................. A. Range of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and bicarbonate B. Acidosis and cardiac intracellular pH ............................................................ C. Acidosis and contractility ......................................................................... ............................................................. D. Acidosis and hypoxia in combination E. Conclusions ........................................................................................ IV. Impact of Low Temperature on Contractility and Metabolism ...................................... .................................................... A. Acute temperature transitions above freezing B. Chronic low-temperature exposure above freezing ............................................... C. Low-temperature exposure of freeze-tolerant frogs .............................................. D. Conclusions ........................................................................................ I. INTRODUCTION A. Objectives Survival of vertebrate animals is dependent on uninterrupted heart function in all but extreme cases (e.g., freeze-tolerant frogs, Ref. 330). Cardiac muscle is therefore of particular interest in its http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Physiological Reviews The American Physiological Society

Energy metabolism and contractility in ectothermic vertebrate hearts: hypoxia, acidosis, and low temperature

W. R. Driedzic and H. Gesser
Physiological Reviews , Volume 74: 221 – Jan 1, 1994
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Publisher
The American Physiological Society
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 the American Physiological Society
ISSN
0031-9333
eISSN
1522-1210
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Abstract

WILLIAM R. DRIEDZIC AND HANS GESSER Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada; and Department of Zoophysiology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark I. Introduction ........................................................................................... A. Objectives .......................................................................................... B. Animals of study and their ecophysiology ........................................................ C. Heart anatomy and vascularization ............................................................... D. In situ heart performance ......................................................................... E. Cellular features ................................................................................... II. Impact of Oxygen-Limiting Conditions ............................................................... A. In situ performance ............................................................................... B. Importance of myoglobin .......................................................................... ..................................................... C. Metabolic rates and high-energy phosphates D. Metabolic control at the enzyme level ............................................................. E. Determinants of calcium-activated force under hypoxia ......................................... III. Contractility Under Acidotic Conditions ............................................................. ............................................. A. Range of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and bicarbonate B. Acidosis and cardiac intracellular pH ............................................................ C. Acidosis and contractility ......................................................................... ............................................................. D. Acidosis and hypoxia in combination E. Conclusions ........................................................................................ IV. Impact of Low Temperature on Contractility and Metabolism ...................................... .................................................... A. Acute temperature transitions above freezing B. Chronic low-temperature exposure above freezing ............................................... C. Low-temperature exposure of freeze-tolerant frogs .............................................. D. Conclusions ........................................................................................ I. INTRODUCTION A. Objectives Survival of vertebrate animals is dependent on uninterrupted heart function in all but extreme cases (e.g., freeze-tolerant frogs, Ref. 330). Cardiac muscle is therefore of particular interest in its

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Physiological Reviews – The American Physiological Society

Published: Jan 1, 1994

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