Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
B. Czermak, Maren Breckwoldt, Zachary Ravage, Markus Huber-Lang, Hagen Schmal, N. Bless, Hans Friedl, Peter Ward (1999)
Mechanisms of enhanced lung injury during sepsis.The American journal of pathology, 154 4
J. Henry (1979)
Clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods
Yong Huang, P. Krein, B. Winston (2001)
Characterization of IFN‐γ regulation of the complement factor B gene in macrophagesEuropean Journal of Immunology, 31
Daniel Deetz, Paul Jagielo, T. Quinn, P. Thorne, Shari Bleuer, D. Schwartz (1997)
The kinetics of grain dust-induced inflammation of the lower respiratory tract.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 155 1
H. Colten, G. Garnier (1998)
Regulation of Complement Protein Gene Expression
G. Schlaf, F. Nitzki, I. Heine, R. Hardeland, H. Schieferdecker, O. Götze (2004)
C5a anaphylatoxin as a product of complement activation up‐regulates the complement inhibitory factor H in rat Kupffer cellsEuropean Journal of Immunology, 34
W. Watford, J. Wright, C. Hester, Haixiang Jiang, Michael Frank (2001)
Surfactant Protein A Regulates Complement Activation1The Journal of Immunology, 167
David Lappin, Keith Whaley (1991)
Modulation of complement gene expression by glucocorticoids.The Biochemical journal, 280 ( Pt 1)
Yong Huang, P. Krein, D. Muruve, B. Winston (2002)
Complement Factor B Gene Regulation: Synergistic Effects of TNF-α and IFN-γ in Macrophages1The Journal of Immunology, 169
S. Ackerman, Peter Friend, John Hoidal, S. Douglas (1978)
Production of C2 by human alveolar macrophages.Immunology, 35 2
M. Schutte, R. Dicamelli, P. Murphy, M. Sadove, H. Gewurz (1975)
Effects of anesthesia, surgery and inflammation upon host defense mechanisms. I. Effects upon the complement system.International archives of allergy and applied immunology, 48 5
Jack Yu, B. Bradt, N. Cooper (2002)
Constitutive expression of proinflammatory complement components by subsets of neurons in the central nervous systemJournal of Neuroimmunology, 123
P. Stahel, Karl Frei, H. Eugster, Adriano Fontana, Klaus Hummel, Rick Wetsel, Robert Ames, S. Barnum (1997)
TNF-alpha-mediated expression of the receptor for anaphylatoxin C5a on neurons in experimental Listeria meningoencephalitis.Journal of immunology, 159 2
P. Stahel, Scott Bamum (1997)
Bacterial meningitis: complement gene expression in the central nervous system.Immunopharmacology, 38 1-2
J. Figueroa, P. Densen (1991)
Infectious diseases associated with complement deficienciesClinical Microbiology Reviews, 4
J. Robertson, J. Caldwell, J. Castle, R. Waldman (1976)
Evidence for the presence of components of the alternative (properdin) pathway of complement activation in respiratory secretions.Journal of immunology, 117 3
R. Guo, P. Ward (2005)
Role of C5a in inflammatory responses.Annual review of immunology, 23
J. Wright (2005)
Immunoregulatory functions of surfactant proteinsNature Reviews Immunology, 5
A. Falus, H. Rokita, E. Walcz, M. Brózik, T. Hidvegi, K. Merétey (1990)
Hormonal regulation of complement biosynthesis in human cell lines--II. Upregulation of the biosynthesis of complement components C3, factor B and C1 inhibitor by interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 in human hepatoma cell line.Molecular immunology, 27 2
Jeremy Brown, T. Hussell, Sarah Gilliland, D. Holden, J. Paton, M. Ehrenstein, M. Walport, M. Botto (2002)
The classical pathway is the dominant complement pathway required for innate immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in miceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99
J. Volanakis (1995)
Transcriptional regulation of complement genes.Annual review of immunology, 13
G. Gross, S. Rehm, A. Pierce (1978)
The effect of complement depletion on lung clearance of bacteria.The Journal of clinical investigation, 62 2
R. Strunk, D. Eidlen, R. Mason (1988)
Pulmonary alveolar type II epithelial cells synthesize and secrete proteins of the classical and alternative complement pathways.The Journal of clinical investigation, 81 5
H. Reynolds, Newball Hh (1974)
Analysis of proteins and respiratory cells obtained from human lungs by bronchial lavage.The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 84 4
J. Alexander, B. Hack, P. Cunningham, R. Quigg (2001)
A Protein with Characteristics of Factor H Is Present on Rodent Platelets and Functions as the Immune Adherence Receptor*The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276
J. Volanakis (1998)
The human complement system in health and disease
R. Strunk, A. Whitehead, F. Cole (1985)
Pretranslational regulation of the synthesis of the third component of complement in human mononuclear phagocytes by the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide.The Journal of clinical investigation, 76 3
L. Wood, S. Pulaski, G. Vogeli (1988)
cDNA clones coding for the complete murine B chain of complement C1q: nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences.Immunology letters, 17 2
Brigham Kl, B. Meyrick (1986)
Endotoxin and lung injury.The American review of respiratory disease, 133 5
Paul Langlois, M. Gawryl (1988)
Accentuated formation of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex in patient plasma precedes development of the adult respiratory distress syndrome.The American review of respiratory disease, 138 2
S. Alonso, A. Minty, Y. Bourlet, M. Buckingham (2005)
Comparison of three actin-coding sequences in the mouse; Evolutionary relationships between the actin genes of warm-blooded vertebratesJournal of Molecular Evolution, 23
G. Larsen, K. McCarthy, R. Webster, J. Henson, P. Henson (1980)
A differential effect of C5a and C5a des Arg in the induction of pulmonary inflammation.The American journal of pathology, 100 1
T. Welch, M. Frenzke, D. Witte (2000)
Evidence of a Role for Local Complement Expression in a Murine Model of Progressive GlomerulonephritisPediatric Research, 48
W. Watford, A. Ghio, J. Wright (2000)
Complement-mediated host defense in the lung.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 279 5
F. Lake, P. Noble, P. Henson, D. Riches (1994)
Functional switching of macrophage responses to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) by interferons. Implications for the pleiotropic activities of TNF alpha.The Journal of clinical investigation, 93 4
P. Henson, K. McCarthy, G. Larsen, R. Webster, P. Giclas, R. Dreisin, T. King, J. Shaw (1979)
Complement fragments, alveolar macrophages, and alveolitis.The American journal of pathology, 97 1
D. Wilson, T. Juan, M. Wilde, G. Fey, G. Darlington (1990)
A 58-base-pair region of the human C3 gene confers synergistic inducibility by interleukin-1 and interleukin-6Molecular and Cellular Biology, 10
M. Liszewski, J. Atkinson (1998)
Regulatory Proteins of Complement
N. Ishikawa, M. Nonaka, M. Nonaka, R. Wetsel, H. Colten (1990)
Murine complement C2 and factor B genomic and cDNA cloning reveals different mechanisms for multiple transcripts of C2 and B.The Journal of biological chemistry, 265 31
C. Alper, D. Raum, Z. Awdeh, B. Petersen, P. Taylor, T. Starzl (1980)
Studies of hepatic synthesis in vivo of plasma proteins, including orosomucoid, transferrin, α-antitrypsin, C8, and factor BClinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 16
G. Vinci, N. Lynch, C. Duponchel, Thi-May Lebastard, G. Milon, C. Stover, W. Schwaeble, M. Tosi (2002)
In Vivo Biosynthesis of Endogenous and of Human C1 Inhibitor in Transgenic Mice: Tissue Distribution and Colocalization of Their Expression1The Journal of Immunology, 169
J McIntosh, A Swyers, J. Fisher, J Wright (1996)
Surfactant proteins A and D increase in response to intratracheal lipopolysaccharide.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 15 4
Carmen Bozic, B. Lu, U. Höpken, C. Gerard, N. Gerard (1996)
Neurogenic Amplification of Immune Complex InflammationScience, 273
U. Desai, D. Kreutzer, H. Showell, C. Arroyave, P. Ward (1979)
Acute inflammatory pulmonary reactions induced by chemotactic factors.The American journal of pathology, 96 1
W. Watford, Molly Smithers, M. Frank, J. Wright (2002)
Surfactant protein A enhances the phagocytosis of C1q-coated particles by alveolar macrophages.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology, 283 5
T. Ulich, E. Yi, S. Yin, C. Smith, D. Remick (1994)
Intratracheal administration of endotoxin and cytokines. VII. The soluble interleukin-1 receptor and the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II (p80) inhibit acute inflammation.Clinical immunology and immunopathology, 72 1
T. Ulich, L. Watson, S. Yin, K. Guo, Peng Wang, Hai Thang, J. Castillo (1991)
The intratracheal administration of endotoxin and cytokines. I. Characterization of LPS-induced IL-1 and TNF mRNA expression and the LPS-, IL-1-, and TNF-induced inflammatory infiltrate.The American journal of pathology, 138 6
P. Langlois, M. Gawryl (1988)
Complement activation occurs through both classical and alternative pathways prior to onset and resolution of adult respiratory distress syndrome.Clinical immunology and immunopathology, 47 2
C. Hemenway, M. Kalff, J. Stavenhagen, D. Walthall, D. Robins (1986)
Sequence comparison of alleles of the fourth component of complement (C4) and sex-limited protein (Slp).Nucleic acids research, 14 6
F. Bossi, F. Fischetti, V. Pellis, R. Bulla, E. Ferrero, T. Mollnes, D. Regoli, Francesco Tedesco (2004)
Platelet-Activating Factor and Kinin-Dependent Vascular Leakage as a Novel Functional Activity of the Soluble Terminal Complement ComplexThe Journal of Immunology, 173
G. Fey, Å. Lundwall, R. Wetsel, B. Tack, M. Bruijn, H. Domdey (1984)
Nucleotide sequence of complementary DNA and derived amino acid sequence of murine complement protein C3.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 306 1129
J. Buras, L. Rice, Daniel Orlow, Stavros Pavlides, W. Reenstra, Kathleen Ceonzo, G. Stahl (2004)
Inhibition of C5 or absence of C6 protects from sepsis mortality.Immunobiology, 209 8
B. Czermak, A. Lentsch, N. Bless, H. Schmal, H. Friedl, P. Ward (1998)
Role of complement in in vitro and in vivo lung inflammatory reactionsJournal of Leukocyte Biology, 64
U. Höpken, B. Lu, N. Gerard, C. Gerard (1996)
The C5a chemoattractant receptor mediates mucosal defence to infectionNature, 383
F. Cole, W. Matthews, T. Rossing, D. Gash, N. Lichtenberg, J. Pennington (1983)
Complement biosynthesis by human bronchoalveolar macrophages.Clinical immunology and immunopathology, 27 2
A. Falus, H. Beuscher, H. Auerbach, H. Colten (1987)
Constitutive and IL 1-regulated murine complement gene expression is strain and tissue specific.Journal of immunology, 138 3
J. Passwell, G. Schreiner, M. Nonaka, H. Beuscher, H. Colten (1988)
Local extrahepatic expression of complement genes C3, factor B, C2, and C4 is increased in murine lupus nephritis.The Journal of clinical investigation, 82 5
M. Mulligan, E. Schmid, E. Schmid, B. Beck-Schimmer, B. Beck-Schimmer, G. Till, H. Friedl, R. Brauer, T. Hugli, Masayuki Miyasaka, R. Warner, Kent Johnson, P. Ward (1996)
Requirement and role of C5a in acute lung inflammatory injury in rats.The Journal of clinical investigation, 98 2
T. Zach, L. Hill, V. Herrman, M. Leuschen, M. Hostetter (1992)
Effect of glucocorticoids on C3 gene expression by the A549 human pulmonary epithelial cell line.Journal of immunology, 148 12
N. Kawamura, L. Singer, R. Wetsel, H. Colten (1992)
Cis- and trans-acting elements required for constitutive and cytokine-regulated expression of the mouse complement C3 gene.The Biochemical journal, 283 ( Pt 3)
B. Rothman, M. Merrow, A. Despins, T. Kennedy, D. Kreutzer (1989)
Effect of lipopolysaccharide on C3 and C5 production by human lung cells.Journal of immunology, 143 1
Complement, a complex protein system, plays an essential role in host defense through bacterial lysis, stimulation of phagocytosis, recruitment of immune cells to infected tissue, and promotion of the inflammatory response. Although complement is most well-characterized in serum, complement activity is also present in the lung. Here we further characterize the complement system in the normal and inflamed lung. By Western blot, C5, C6, and factor I were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at lower levels than in serum, whereas C2 was detected at similar levels in BAL and serum. C4 binding protein (C4BP) was not detectable in BAL. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elevated levels of C1q, factor B, C2, C4, C5, C6, and C3 in human BAL and C3, C5, and factor B in mouse and rat BAL. Message for C1q-B, C1r, C1s, C2, C4, C3, C5, C6, factor B, and factor H, but not C9 or C4BP, was readily detectable by RT-PCR in normal mouse lung. Exposure to LPS enhanced factor B expression, decreased C5 expression, and did not affect C1q-B expression in mouse and rat lung. BAL from rats exposed to LPS had a greater ability to deposit C3b onto bacteria through complement activation than did BAL from control rats. In summary, these data demonstrate that complement levels, expression, and function are altered in acute lung injury and suggest that complement within the lung is regulated to promote opsonization of pathogens and limit potentially harmful inflammation. inflammation; bronchoalveolar lavage; lipopolysaccharide; C3b deposition; complement expression Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: J. R. Wright, Box 3709, Dept. of Cell Biology, Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 (e-mail: j.wright@cellbio.duke.edu )
AJP - Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology – The American Physiological Society
Published: Mar 1, 2007
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.