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(1984)
Piety and the Lay Response to the First Crusade (Oxford
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It is noteworthy that in 1999 the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East, the major academic society for Crusader Studies
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Some Portuguese pilgrims can be identi ed, and Henry the Burgundian, count of Portugal (d. 1112) set out for Jerusalem in 1103 but returned early the next year
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A translation of this document can be found in L. and J. Riley Smith, The Crusades. Idea and Reality
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For manuscript details: De expugnatione
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The ‘Conquest of Lisbon
Such a treaty with Afonso Henriques was the excuse given by the king of É vora for his failure to support the beseiged citizens of Lisbon
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31–33
In 1169, Fernando II of Leon (d. 1188), unhappy with the success of his rival, allied himself with the Almohads and assisted them in defending Badajoz against the Portuguese royal army
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1094-1118) sought to prevent Spanish travel to the Holy Land, Regesta Ponti cum Romanorum, no. 5863, and this was repeated subsequently
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The Spanish and Portuguese Reconquest, 1095-1492
De expugnatione Lyxbonensi, an intriguing account of the Christian capture of Lisbon in 1147 by a mixed force of visiting Crusaders and local Portuguese troops, offers the modern reader a unique insight into the reality of twelfth-century religious militancy. Because the anonymous author was himself one of the Crusaders, his impressions of the Portuguese are particularly illuminating. The rapid escalation of sectarian hostility throughout the Iberian peninsula during this period has generally been interpreted as a manifestation of external cultural influences. Events in Lisbon, however, present a different picture. Although the Portuguese attempted to accommodate their northern allies' religious fervour, they themselves sought to justify their aggression by claiming the far older right of reconquest. Yet beneath such protestations of religious sanction or legal legitimacy lay the more pragmatic aim of territorial expansion.
Al-Masaq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean – Taylor & Francis
Published: Sep 1, 2002
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