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- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- Copyright
- Copyright Korea International Economic Association
- ISSN
- 1743-517X
- eISSN
- 1016-8737
- DOI
- 10.1080/10168737.2010.525974
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
This paper presents estimations of the shadow economies for 162 countries, including developing, Eastern European, Central Asian, and high income OECD countries over 1999 to 2006/2007. According to our estimations, the weighted average size of the shadow economy (as a percentage of ‘official’ GDP) in Sub-Saharan Africa is 37.6%, in Europe and Central Asia (mostly transition countries) 36.4% and in high income OECD countries 13.4%. We find that an increased burden of taxation (direct and indirect ones), combined with (labour market) regulations and the quality of public goods and services as well as the state of the ‘official’ economy are the driving forces of the shadow economy.
Journal
International Economic Journal – Taylor & Francis
Published: Dec 1, 2010
Keywords: Shadow economy of 162 countries; tax burden; quality of state institutions; regulation; MIMIC model; O17; O5; D78; H2; H11; H26