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References (35)
-
(1989)
For a discussion of the need to better incorporate the numismatic data in analyses of the monetary and economic history of the Mamlū ks, see Warren C. Schultz -
These dates usually give Coptic months. I am indebted to Dr Kolbas for sharing with me some of her expertise on these objects -
The circulation of silver dirhams in the Bahri period", forthcoming; and idem -
(1970)
Balog concluded that these "octagonal" weights were based on a North African ūqiyya. He altered his conclusion to the mithqāl in his "Pesi di bronzo islamici del XIII secolo -
(1990)
uqūd fı̄ dhikr al-nuqūd, ed -
(1963)
For a succinct description of the function of monies of account, see Peter Spufford -
(1984)
el-Nabarawy, “A hoard of Mamlūk copper coins, c. 770 H (1369 AD) in the collection of the Egyptian National Library -
(1980)
It was found within the borders of Israel and now preserved at the Kadman Numismatic Pavilion of the Eretz Israel Museum in Tel Aviv, accession number K-9411. It was published by Balog -
A hoard of Mamlū k dīnārs from the time of al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh", no. 260. I would like to thank him for granting me an early look at this valuable study -
N. Nicol, Raafat el-Nabarawy (1984)
A Hoard of Mamluk Copper Coins Ca. 770 A.H./1369 A.D. in the Collection of the Egyptian National LibraryJournal of the American Research Center in Egypt, 21
-
Jean Richard (1962)
Ahmad DARRAG. L'Egypte sous le règne de Barsbay (826-841, 1422-1438). Damas, 1961. (Institut français de Damas.)Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes, 120
-
(1991)
Bates has pointed out that glass weights "are a better indication of the weight standards for gold and silver and copper coins that anything we can obtain from the coins themselves -
(1985)
S ubh al-a shā fī sinā at al-inshā' (Cairo, 1914-1928), esp. 12Ϻ456-457; al-Umarī, Masālik al-abs ār -
R. Irwin (1989)
The Middle East in the Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk Sultanate 1250-1382 -
J. Bacharach (1973)
The Diner Versus the DucatInternational Journal of Middle East Studies, 4
-
Presumably, once in use, these objects would have been examined by the muh tasib -
Aḥmad Maqrīzī, A. Allouche (1995)
Mamluk economics : a study and translation of al-Maqrīzī's Ighāthah -
The coins are recognisable by the appearance of the word mithqāl or nis f inside a circular line in the centre of one side. The episode is discussed by Bacharach -
(1967)
These coins are recognisable by the appearance of the name Faraj inside a circular line in the centre of one side. The circumstances in which they were issued are discussed by Bacharach -
(1986)
I am indebted to Michael Bates for bringing this to my attention. There are no bronze weights yet known from Mamlū k Egypt. See Judith Kolbas -
One need only skim through the CMSES to see the many feline images in the copper coinage of many subsequent Mamlū k sultans -
(1968)
Nuzhat al-nufūs wa l-abdān fī tawārīkh al-zamān (Cairo, 1970-1974); idem., Inbā' al-h as r bi-abnā' al-as r, ed. H . H abashī (Cairo, 1970); al-Asadī, Kitāb al-taysīr wa l-i tibār -
It is important to note, however, that this observation does not mean that either of these metals were abandoned as money, however, for the concept of -
(1973)
There were, for example, unsuccessful reform gold issues by al-Nās ir Nās ir al-Dīn Faraj and al-Mu ayyad Sayf al-Dīn Shaykh. For these see both Jere Bacharach -
(1940)
Muh ammad Uthmān (Cairo, 1990); idem., Ighāthat al-umma bi-kashf al-ghumma -
With the exception of a dīnār of Baybars in a private collection in Germany bearing the word nis f (half), these coins are the earliest Mamlū k gold coins on which such denomination-like terms -
(1924)
The frequency table”, Numismatic Chronicle (NC) (ser -
(1949)
CMSES types 519–520 -
(2000)
A Mamlū k bronze weight in the Israel Museum: with further comments on this rare metrological species -
(1965)
Efforts to define the weight of the traditional dirham in terms of modern metric grams have resulted in various figures, most of them probably erroneous -
(1991)
Makāyil and Mawāzı̄n”, Encyclopaedia of Islam, volumes I-XI (Leiden, E.J -
(1984)
Dirham”, Dictionary of the Middle Ages, volume IV (New York: Scribner -
P. Balog (1970)
Islamic Bronze Weights From EgyptJournal of The Economic and Social History of The Orient, 13
-
(1949)
The events surrounding the issuance of these coins are discussed by Bacharach -
In addition to the six coins in CMSES, there is a specimen in Tü bingen, no. CH4D3. The weight of one Balog specimen is not included due to severe damage to the coin
- Publisher
- Taylor & Francis
- Copyright
- Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
- ISSN
- 1473-348X
- eISSN
- 0950-3110
- DOI
- 10.1080/0950311032000057130
- Publisher site
- See Article on Publisher Site
Abstract
Al-Masa ¯q, Vol. 15, No. 1, March 2003 Mamlu ¯k Metrology and the Numismatic Evidence WARREN C. SCHULTZ The striking feature of the metrological systems of the mediaeval Arab countries was their diversity. E. Ashtor Introduction Metrology (the study of weights and measures) and numismatics (the study of coins and coin-like objects) are separate yet obviously related fields of inquiry. When it comes to the study of the money of the medieval Islamic world, an awareness of the former is necessary to understand the latter. This is especially true for the precious metal coinages of gold (dı ¯na ¯rs) and silver (dirhams), for they “were usually paid by weight and not by count”. Thus an awareness of the smaller metrological units linked to a certain coinage is often essential to grasping how that coinage circulated and was valued. Islamic metrology is a complex subject in its own right. It was not always and everywhere the same, as medieval Muslim authors themselves were aware. This complexity is further complicated by the terminology used in the medieval Islamic sources. It is overlapping and inconsistent; a single term may have multiple meanings depending on the context in which it is encountered. The
Journal
Al-Masaq: Journal of the Medieval Mediterranean – Taylor & Francis
Published: Mar 1, 2003