Abstract

Notes on Methodology 17 A village chief in Garissa county, Kenya, surveys his community's dead cattle, 8 December 2021 18 Global Trends The Aftermath of War in a Changing Climate: Aligning Solutions for Climate Security and Peacebuilding There is significant overlap between conflict-ae ff cted, The nexus between climate and fragility risks fragile states and the countries and regions most Climate and fragility risks are often mutually rein- vulnerable and exposed to climate change. In states forcing; conflict and violence can erode adaptive experiencing violence or transitioning from war to capacities of both the state and the population, peace, the drivers of climate risk and vulnerability as well as the state’s ability to address climate are often similar to those that drive conflict risk and impacts, while climate impacts can exacerbate vulnerability: multi-dimensional poverty, social and conflict drivers, pushing existing tensions and economic inequality, political marginalisation, food grievances towards violence or creating new insecurity and histories of violence, among others. ones. In northern Iraq, years of conflict and per- Poor governance and weak state institutions magnify secution against Yazidi communities at the hands each of these drivers, creating the crucial founda- of the Islamic State (ISIS) have left a