AbstractThe ionic liquids have special features and, hence, called as liquid electrolytes, ionic melts, ionic glasses, fused salts, liquid salts, ionic fluids, designer solvents, green, and future solvents. Achiral and chiral ionic liquids have been used in enantioseparations of a variety of racemates in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. Chiral ionic liquids have received a good reputation in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis because of their astonishing properties. This review discusses the applications of achiral and chiral ionic liquids in enantioseparations in high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. In addition, the attempts were also made to emphasize the toxicity and future prospective of these ionic liquids. Additionally, the attempts were made to discuss the chiral recognition mechanism.