Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Seok-Yong Lee, J. Letts, R. MacKinnon (2008)
Dimeric subunit stoichiometry of the human voltage-dependent proton channel Hv1Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105
Dmitriy Krepkiy, K. Gawrisch, Kenton Swartz (2012)
Structural interactions between lipids, water and S1-S4 voltage-sensing domains.Journal of molecular biology, 423 4
Dmitriy Krepkiy, M. Mihailescu, J. Freites, E. Schow, D. Worcester, K. Gawrisch, D. Tobias, S. White, Kenton Swartz, Dichroism Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2009)
Structure and hydration of membranes embedded with voltage-sensing domainsNature, 462
Ernesto Vargas, V. Yarov-Yarovoy, Fatemeh Khalili-Araghi, W. Catterall, M. Klein, M. Tarek, E. Lindahl, K. Schulten, E. Perozo, F. Bezanilla, B. Roux (2012)
An emerging consensus on voltage-dependent gating from computational modeling and molecular dynamics simulationsThe Journal of General Physiology, 140
Caio Souza, C. Amaral, W. Treptow (2014)
Electric fingerprint of voltage sensor domainsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111
C. Gandhi, Eliana Clark, E. Loots, Arnd Pralle, E. Isacoff (2003)
The Orientation and Molecular Movement of a K+ Channel Voltage-Sensing DomainNeuron, 40
Ernesto Vargas, F. Bezanilla, B. Roux (2011)
In Search of a Consensus Model of the Resting State of a Voltage-Sensing DomainNeuron, 72
M. Noda, S. Shimizu, T. Tanabe, T. Takai, T. Kayano, Takayuki Ikeda, Hideo Takahashi, H. Nakayama, Y. Kanaoka, N. Minamino, K. Kangawa, H. Matsuo, M. Raftery, T. Hirose, S. Inayama, H. Hayashida, T. Miyata, S. Numa (1984)
Primary structure of Electrophorus electricus sodium channel deduced from cDNA sequenceNature, 312
Ken McCormack, M. Tanouye, Linda Iverson, Jen-Wei Lin, Mani Ramaswami, T. McCormack, James Campanelli, Mathew Mathew, Bernard Rudy (1991)
A role for hydrophobic residues in the voltage-dependent gating of Shaker K+ channels.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88
H. Koch, Tatsuki Kurokawa, Yoshifumi Okochi, M. Sasaki, Y. Okamura, H. Larsson (2008)
Multimeric nature of voltage-gated proton channelsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105
B. Hille (2001)
Ionic channels of excitable membranes
H. Guy, P. Seetharamulu (1986)
Molecular model of the action potential sodium channel.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 83 2
Youxing Jiang, Alice Lee, Jiayun Chen, V. Ruta, M. Cadene, B. Chait, R. MacKinnon (2003)
X-ray structure of a voltage-dependent K+ channelNature, 423
P. DeCaen, V. Yarov-Yarovoy, Elizabeth Sharp, T. Scheuer, W. Catterall (2009)
Sequential formation of ion pairs during activation of a sodium channel voltage sensorProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106
R. Planells-Cases, A. Ferrer-Montiel, C. Patten, M. Montal (1995)
Mutation of conserved negatively charged residues in the S2 and S3 transmembrane segments of a mammalian K+ channel selectively modulates channel gating.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 92 20
S. Aggarwal, R. MacKinnon (1996)
Contribution of the S4 Segment to Gating Charge in the Shaker K+ ChannelNeuron, 16
A. Tronin, C. Nordgren, J. Strzalka, I. Kuzmenko, D. Worcester, V. Lauter, J. Freites, D. Tobias, J. Blasie (2014)
Direct Evidence of Conformational Changes Associated with Voltage Gating in a Voltage Sensor Protein by Time-Resolved X-ray/Neutron InterferometryLangmuir, 30
S. Long, E. Campbell, R. MacKinnon (2005)
Crystal Structure of a Mammalian Voltage-Dependent Shaker Family K+ ChannelScience, 309
Y. Murata, Y. Okamura (2007)
Depolarization activates the phosphoinositide phosphatase Ci‐VSP, as detected in Xenopus oocytes coexpressing sensors of PIP2The Journal of Physiology, 583
(1998)
Activation of Shaker Potassium Channels III . An Activation Gating Model for Wild-Type and V 2 Mutant Channels
Keynes Rd, E. Rojas (1973)
Characteristics of the sodium gating current in the squid giant axon.The Journal of physiology, 233 1
C. Ahern, R. Horn (2005)
Focused Electric Field across the Voltage Sensor of Potassium ChannelsNeuron, 48
C. Villalba-Galea (2012)
Voltage-Controlled Enzymes: The New Janus BifronsFrontiers in Pharmacology, 3
Alan Neely, Xiangyang Wei, Riccardo Olcese, L. Birnbaumer, E. Stefani (1993)
Potentiation by the beta subunit of the ratio of the ionic current to the charge movement in the cardiac calcium channel.Science, 262 5133
Naibo Yang, A. George, R. Horn (1996)
Molecular Basis of Charge Movement in Voltage-Gated Sodium ChannelsNeuron, 16
F. Bezanilla, C. Armstrong (1974)
Gating Currents of the Sodium Channels: Three Ways to Block ThemScience, 183
Science
F. Conti, W. Stühmer (1989)
Quantal charge redistributions accompanying the structural transitions of sodium channelsEuropean Biophysics Journal, 17
S. Sokolov, T. Scheuer, W. Catterall (2007)
Gating pore current in an inherited ion channelopathyNature, 446
Hodgkin Al, Huxley Af (1952)
A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerveBulletin of Mathematical Biology, 52
S. Sokolov, T. Scheuer, W. Catterall (2005)
Ion Permeation through a Voltage- Sensitive Gating Pore in Brain Sodium Channels Having Voltage Sensor MutationsNeuron, 47
D. Papazian, L. Timpe, Y. Jan, L. Jan (1991)
Alteration of voltage-dependence of Shaker potassium channel by mutations in the S4 sequenceNature, 349
Qufei Li, S. Wanderling, Marcin Paduch, David Medovoy, A. Singharoy, R. McGreevy, C. Villalba-Galea, R. Hulse, B. Roux, K. Schulten, A. Kossiakoff, E. Perozo (2013)
Structural mechanism of voltage-dependent gating in an isolated voltage-sensing domainNature Structural &Molecular Biology, 21
Dorine Starace, F. Bezanilla (2001)
Histidine Scanning Mutagenesis of Basic Residues of the S4 Segment of the Shaker K+ ChannelThe Journal of General Physiology, 117
F. Bosmans, M. Martin‐Eauclaire, Kenton Swartz (2008)
Deconstructing voltage sensor function and pharmacology in sodium channelsNature, 456
W. Treptow, M. Tarek (2006)
Environment of the gating charges in the Kv1.2 Shaker potassium channel.Biophysical journal, 90 9
W. Stühmer, F. Conti, Harukazu Suzuki, Xiaodong Wang, M. Noda, N. Yahagi, Hideo Kubo, S. Numa (1989)
Structural parts involved in activation and inactivation of the sodium channelNature, 339
E. Perozo, R. MacKinnon, F. Bezanilla, E. Stefani (1993)
Gating currents from a nonconducting mutant reveal open-closed conformations in Shaker K+ channelsNeuron, 11
U. Henrion, Jakob Renhorn, S. Börjesson, Erin Nelson, Christine Schwaiger, P. Bjelkmar, Björn Wallner, E. Lindahl, F. Elinder (2012)
Tracking a complete voltage-sensor cycle with metal-ion bridgesProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109
D. Doyle, João Cabral, R. Pfuetzner, Anling Kuo, J. Gulbis, Steven Cohen, Brian Chait, Roderick MacKinnon (1998)
The structure of the potassium channel: molecular basis of K+ conduction and selectivity.Science, 280 5360
B. Tempel, D. Papazian, T. Schwarz, Y. Jan, L. Jan (1987)
Sequence of a probable potassium channel component encoded at Shaker locus of Drosophila.Science, 237 4816
Y. Murata, H. Iwasaki, M. Sasaki, K. Inaba, Y. Okamura (2005)
Phosphoinositide phosphatase activity coupled to an intrinsic voltage sensorNature, 435
Francisco Bezanilla, E. Perozo, D. Papazian, Enrico Stefani (1991)
Molecular basis of gating charge immobilization in Shaker potassium channels.Science, 254 5032
P. DeCaen, V. Yarov-Yarovoy, T. Scheuer, W. Catterall (2011)
Gating charge interactions with the S1 segment during activation of a Na+ channel voltage sensorProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108
M. Sasaki, M. Takagi, Y. Okamura (2006)
A Voltage Sensor-Domain Protein Is a Voltage-Gated Proton ChannelScience, 312
C. Armstrong, F. Bezanilla (1973)
Currents Related to Movement of the Gating Particles of the Sodium ChannelsNature, 242
Susy Kohout, Sarah Bell, Lijun Liu, Qiang Xu, D. Minor, E. Isacoff (2010)
Electro-chemical coupling in the voltage-dependent phosphatase Ci-VSPNature chemical biology, 6
T. Tanabe, H. Takeshima, A. Mikami, V. Flockerzi, Hideo Takahashi, K. Kangawa, M. Kojima, H. Matsuo, T. Hirose, S. Numa (1987)
Primary structure of the receptor for calcium channel blockers from skeletal muscleNature, 328
J. Freites, D. Tobias, S. White (2006)
A voltage-sensor water pore.Biophysical journal, 91 11
N. Schoppa, K. McCormack, M. Tanouye, F. Sigworth (1992)
The size of gating charge in wild-type and mutant Shaker potassium channels.Science, 255 5052
I. Ramsey, M. Moran, J. Chong, D. Clapham (2006)
A voltage-gated proton-selective channel lacking the pore domainNature, 440
S. Gupta, J. Liu, J. Strzalka, J. Blasie (2011)
Profile structures of the voltage-sensor domain and the voltage-gated K(+)-channel vectorially oriented in a single phospholipid bilayer membrane at the solid-vapor and solid-liquid interfaces determined by x-ray interferometry.Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics, 84 3 Pt 1
L. Islas, F. Sigworth (2001)
Electrostatics and the Gating Pore of Shaker Potassium ChannelsThe Journal of General Physiology, 117
M.‐H. Wang, S. Yusaf, D. Elliott, D. Wray, A. Sivaprasadarao (1999)
Effect of cysteine substitutions on the topology of the S4 segment of the Shaker potassium channel: implications for molecular models of gatingThe Journal of Physiology, 521
Naibo Yang, R. Horn (1995)
Evidence for voltage-dependent S4 movement in sodium channelsNeuron, 15
K. Takeshita, Souhei Sakata, E. Yamashita, Y. Fujiwara, Akira Kawanabe, Tatsuki Kurokawa, Yoshifumi Okochi, M. Matsuda, H. Narita, Y. Okamura, A. Nakagawa (2014)
X-ray crystal structure of voltage-gated proton channelNature Structural &Molecular Biology, 21
J. Payandeh, T. El-Din, T. Scheuer, Ning Zheng, W. Catterall (2012)
Crystal structure of a voltage-gated sodium channel in two potentially inactivated statesNature, 486
N. Schoppa, F. Sigworth (1998)
Activation of Shaker Potassium ChannelsThe Journal of General Physiology, 111
S. Chakrapani, L. Cuello, D. Cortes, E. Perozo (2008)
Structural dynamics of an isolated voltage-sensor domain in a lipid bilayer.Structure, 16 3
S. Sokolov, T. Scheuer, W. Catterall (2010)
Ion permeation and block of the gating pore in the voltage sensor of NaV1.4 channels with hypokalemic periodic paralysis mutationsThe Journal of General Physiology, 136
Zhe Lu, A. Klem, Y. Ramu (2001)
Ion conduction pore is conserved among potassium channelsNature, 413
D. Papazian, X. Shao, S. Seoh, A. Mock, Yu Huang, D. Wainstock (1995)
Electrostatic interactions of S4 voltage sensor in shaker K+ channelNeuron, 14
S. Yusaf, D. Wray, A. Sivaprasadarao (1996)
Measurement of the movement of the S4 segment during the activation of a voltage-gated potassium channelPflügers Archiv, 433
S. Tiwari-Woodruff, C. Schulteis, A. Mock, D. Papazian (1997)
Electrostatic interactions between transmembrane segments mediate folding of Shaker K+ channel subunits.Biophysical journal, 72 4
J. Butterwick, R. MacKinnon (2010)
Solution structure and phospholipid interactions of the isolated voltage-sensor domain from KvAP.Journal of molecular biology, 403 4
E. Schow, J. Freites, K. Gogna, S. White, D. Tobias (2010)
Down-state model of the voltage-sensing domain of a potassium channel.Biophysical journal, 98 12
A. Cha, F. Bezanilla (1997)
Characterizing Voltage-Dependent Conformational Changes in the Shaker K+ Channel with FluorescenceNeuron, 19
B. Sakmann, E. Neher (1984)
Patch clamp techniques for studying ionic channels in excitable membranes.Annual review of physiology, 46
L. Delemotte, M. Tarek, M. Klein, C. Amaral, W. Treptow (2011)
Intermediate states of the Kv1.2 voltage sensor from atomistic molecular dynamics simulationsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108
Naibo Yang, A. George, R. Horn (1997)
Probing the outer vestibule of a sodium channel voltage sensor.Biophysical journal, 73 5
S. Crouzy, F. Sigworth (1993)
Fluctuations in ion channel gating currents. Analysis of nonstationary shot noise.Biophysical journal, 64 1
Liyan Zhang, Yoko Sato, T. Hessa, G. Heijne, Jong‐Kook Lee, I. Kodama, M. Sakaguchi, N. Uozumi (2007)
Contribution of hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions to the membrane integration of the Shaker K+ channel voltage sensor domainProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104
Xiaorui Chen, Qinghua Wang, F. Ni, Jianpeng Ma (2010)
Structure of the full-length Shaker potassium channel Kv1.2 by normal-mode-based X-ray crystallographic refinementProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107
A. Alabi, M. Bahamonde, H. Jung, J. Kim, Kenton Swartz (2007)
Portability of paddle motif function and pharmacology in voltage sensorsNature, 450
Y. Kubo, T. Baldwin, Y. Jan, L. Jan (1993)
Primary structure and functional expression of a mouse inward rectifier potassium channelNature, 362
W. Catterall (1986)
Voltage-dependent gating of sodium channels: correlating structure and functionTrends in Neurosciences, 9
Xu Zhang, W. Ren, P. DeCaen, Chuangye Yan, X. Tao, Lin Tang, Jingjing Wang, K. Hasegawa, T. Kumasaka, Jianhua He, Jiawei Wang, D. Clapham, N. Yan (2012)
Crystal structure of an orthologue of the NaChBac voltage-gated sodium channelNature, 486
Yanping Xu, Y. Ramu, Hyeon-Gyu Shin, Jayden Yamakaze, Zhe Lu (2013)
Energetic role of the paddle motif in voltage gating of Shaker K+ channelsNature structural & molecular biology, 20
M. Schneider, W. Chandler (1973)
Voltage Dependent Charge Movement in Skeletal Muscle: a Possible Step in Excitation–Contraction CouplingNature, 242
Vanessa Auld, A. Goldin, D. Krafte, W. Catterall, Henry Lester, Norman Davidson, Robert Dunn (1990)
A neutral amino acid change in segment IIS4 dramatically alters the gating properties of the voltage-dependent sodium channel.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 87 1
S. Pless, J. Galpin, A. Niciforovic, C. Ahern (2011)
Contributions of Counter-Charge in a Potassium Channel Voltage-Sensor DomainNature chemical biology, 7
S. Gupta, J. Dura, J. Freites, D. Tobias, J. Blasie (2012)
Structural characterization of the voltage-sensor domain and voltage-gated K+-channel proteins vectorially oriented within a single bilayer membrane at the solid/vapor and solid/liquid interfaces via neutron interferometry.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 28 28
Zhe Lu, A. Klem, Y. Ramu (2002)
Coupling between Voltage Sensors and Activation Gate in Voltage-gated K+ ChannelsThe Journal of General Physiology, 120
Medha Pathak, V. Yarov-Yarovoy, Gautam Agarwal, B. Roux, P. Barth, Susy Kohout, F. Tombola, E. Isacoff (2007)
Closing In on the Resting State of the Shaker K+ ChannelNeuron, 56
C. Armstrong (1981)
Sodium channels and gating currents.Physiological reviews, 61 3
Voltage Sensing in Membranes: From Macroscopic Currents to Molecular…
M. Jensen, V. Jogini, D. Borhani, Abba Leffler, R. Dror, D. Shaw (2012)
Mechanism of Voltage Gating in Potassium ChannelsScience, 336
AL Hodgkin, AF Huxley (1952)
A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerveJ Physiol, 117
EM Kosower (1985)
A structural and dynamic molecular model for the sodium channel of electrophorus electricusFEBS Lett, 182
F. Tombola, Medha Pathak, E. Isacoff (2005)
Voltage-Sensing Arginines in a Potassium Channel Permeate and Occlude Cation-Selective PoresNeuron, 45
RE Greenblatt, Y Blatt, M Montal (1985)
The structure of the voltage-sensitive sodium channel. Inferences derived from computer-aided analysis of the electrophorus electricus channel primary structureFEBS Lett, 193
E. Kosower (1985)
A structural and dynamic molecular model for the sodium channel of Electrophorus electricusFEBS Letters, 182
F. Tombola, Medha Pathak, P. Gorostiza, E. Isacoff (2007)
The twisted ion-permeation pathway of a resting voltage-sensing domainNature, 445
V. Jogini, B. Roux (2007)
Dynamics of the Kv1.2 voltage-gated K+ channel in a membrane environment.Biophysical journal, 93 9
J. Freites, E. Schow, S. White, D. Tobias (2012)
Microscopic origin of gating current fluctuations in a potassium channel voltage sensor.Biophysical journal, 102 11
Seok-Yong Lee, Alice Lee, Jiayun Chen, R. MacKinnon (2005)
Structure of the KvAP voltage-dependent K+ channel and its dependence on the lipid membraneProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102
O. Baker, H. Larsson, L. Mannuzzu, E. Isacoff (1998)
Three Transmembrane Conformations and Sequence-Dependent Displacement of the S4 Domain in Shaker K+ Channel GatingNeuron, 20
Dorine Starace, E. Stefani, F. Bezanilla (1997)
Voltage-Dependent Proton Transport by the Voltage Sensor of the Shaker K+ ChannelNeuron, 19
W. Zagotta, T. Hoshi, T. Hoshi, R. Aldrich (1994)
Shaker potassium channel gating. III: Evaluation of kinetic models for activationThe Journal of General Physiology, 103
Z. Sands, M. Sansom (2007)
How Does a Voltage Sensor Interact with a Lipid Bilayer? Simulations of a Potassium Channel DomainStructure(London, England:1993), 15
Eugene Palovcak, L. Delemotte, M. Klein, V. Carnevale (2014)
Evolutionary imprint of activation: The design principles of VSDsThe Journal of General Physiology, 143
E. Liman, P. Hess (1991)
Voltage-sensing residues in the S4 region of a mammalian K+ channelNature, 353
Dorine Starace, F. Bezanilla (2004)
A proton pore in a potassium channel voltage sensor reveals a focused electric fieldNature, 427
Jennifer Ledwell, R. Aldrich (1999)
Mutations in the S4 Region Isolate the Final Voltage-dependent Cooperative Step in Potassium Channel ActivationThe Journal of General Physiology, 113
P. DeCaen, V. Yarov-Yarovoy, Yong Zhao, T. Scheuer, W. Catterall (2008)
Disulfide locking a sodium channel voltage sensor reveals ion pair formation during activationProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105
F. Tombola, Maximilian Ulbrich, E. Isacoff (2008)
The Voltage-Gated Proton Channel Hv1 Has Two Pores, Each Controlled by One Voltage SensorNeuron, 58
R. Greenblatt, Y. Blatt, M. Montai (1985)
The structure of the voltage‐sensitive sodium channelFEBS Letters, 193
Y. Li-Smerin, Kenton Swartz (1998)
Gating modifier toxins reveal a conserved structural motif in voltage-gated Ca2+ and K+ channels.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95 15
V. Yarov-Yarovoy, P. DeCaen, R. Westenbroek, C. Pan, T. Scheuer, D. Baker, W. Catterall (2011)
Structural basis for gating charge movement in the voltage sensor of a sodium channelProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109
H. Schrempf, O. Schmidt, R. Kümmerlen, S. Hinnah, D. Müller, M. Betzler, T. Steinkamp, R. Wagner (1995)
A prokaryotic potassium ion channel with two predicted transmembrane segments from Streptomyces lividans.The EMBO Journal, 14
Susy Kohout, Maximilian Ulbrich, Sarah Bell, E. Isacoff (2008)
Subunit organization and functional transitions in Ci-VSPNature Structural &Molecular Biology, 15
K. Ho, C. Nichols, W. Lederer, J. Lytton, P. Vassilev, M. Kanazirska, S. Hebert (1993)
Cloning and expression of an inwardly rectifying ATP-regulated potassium channelNature, 362
S. Long, X. Tao, E. Campbell, R. MacKinnon (2007)
Atomic structure of a voltage-dependent K+ channel in a lipid membrane-like environmentNature, 450
Fabiana Campos, B. Chanda, B. Roux, F. Bezanilla (2007)
Two atomic constraints unambiguously position the S4 segment relative to S1 and S2 segments in the closed state of Shaker K channelProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104
S. Tiwari-Woodruff, Meng-chin Lin, C. Schulteis, D. Papazian (2000)
Voltage-Dependent Structural Interactions in the Shaker K+ ChannelThe Journal of General Physiology, 115
Youxing Jiang, V. Ruta, Jiayun Chen, Alice Lee, R. MacKinnon (2003)
The principle of gating charge movement in a voltage-dependent K+ channelNature, 423
H. Larsson, O. Baker, D. Dhillon, E. Isacoff (1996)
Transmembrane Movement of the Shaker K+ Channel S4Neuron, 16
S. Seoh, D. Sigg, D. Papazian, F. Bezanilla (1996)
Voltage-Sensing Residues in the S2 and S4 Segments of the Shaker K+ ChannelNeuron, 16
D. Sigg, E. Stefani, F. Bezanilla (1994)
Gating current noise produced by elementary transitions in Shaker potassium channels.Science, 264 5158
L. Mannuzzu, M. Moronne, E. Isacoff (1996)
Direct Physical Measure of Conformational Rearrangement Underlying Potassium Channel GatingScience, 271
Voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) are integral membrane protein units that sense changes in membrane electric potential, and through the resulting conformational changes, regulate a specific function. VSDs confer voltage-sensitivity to a large superfamily of membrane proteins that includes voltage-gated Na $$^{+}$$ + , K $$^{+}$$ + , Ca $$^{2+}$$ 2 + ,and H $$^{+}$$ + selective channels, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, and voltage-sensing phosphatases. VSDs consist of four transmembrane segments (termed S1 through S4). Their most salient structural feature is the highly conserved positions for charged residues in their sequences. S4 exhibits at least three conserved triplet repeats composed of one basic residue (mostly arginine) followed by two hydrophobic residues. These S4 basic side chains participate in a state-dependent internal salt-bridge network with at least four acidic residues in S1–S3. The signature of voltage-dependent activation in electrophysiology experiments is a transient current (termed gating or sensing current) upon a change in applied membrane potential as the basic side chains in S4 move across the membrane electric field. Thus, the unique structural features of the VSD architecture allow for competing requirements: maintaining a series of stable transmembrane conformations, while allowing charge motion, as briefly reviewed here.
The Journal of Membrane Biology – Springer Journals
Published: May 14, 2015
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.