Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
S. Wessely, C. Unwin, M. Hotopf, L. Hull, K. Ismail, V. Nicolaou, A. David (2003)
Stability of recall of military hazards over timeBritish Journal of Psychiatry, 183
TM Keane, JA Fairbank, JM Caddell, RT Zimering, KL Taylor, CA Mora (1989)
A clinical evaluation of a scale to measure combat exposureJ Consult Clin Psychol., 1
G. Smid, T. Mooren, R. Mast, B. Gersons, R. Kleber (2009)
Delayed posttraumatic stress disorder: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of prospective studies.The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 70 11
T. Holmes, R. Rahe (1967)
The Social Readjustment Rating Scale.Journal of psychosomatic research, 11 2
EDH Hermes, RA Rosenheck, R Desai, A Fontana (2012)
Recent trends in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and other mental health disorders in the Veterans Health AdministrationPsychiatr Serv., 63
F. Weathers, B. Litz (1994)
PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE CLINICIAN-ADMINISTERED PTSD SCALE, CAPS-1, 5
F. Weathers, T. Keane, J. Davidson (2001)
Clinician‐administered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of researchDepression and Anxiety, 13
JE Helzer, LN Robins, L McEvoy (1987)
Posttraumatic stress disorder in the general populationN Engl J Med., 317
D. Segal (2010)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR)
A. Fontana, R. Rosenheck (1993)
A causal model of the etiology of war-related PTSDJournal of Traumatic Stress, 6
R. Bryant, A. Harvey (2002)
Delayed-Onset Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Prospective EvaluationAustralian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36
Ghislaine Boulanger, C. Kadushin (1986)
The Vietnam veteran redefined : fact and fiction
A. McFarlane (1988)
The Longitudinal Course of Posttraumatic Morbidity The Range of Outcomes and Their PredictorsThe Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 176
J. Helzer, L. Robins, L. McEvoy (1987)
Post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population. Findings of the epidemiologic catchment area survey.The New England journal of medicine, 317 26
Matt Gray, Elisa Bolton, B. Litz (2004)
A longitudinal analysis of PTSD symptom course: delayed-onset PTSD in Somalia peacekeepers.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 72 5
Eric Hermes, R. Rosenheck, R. Desai, A. Fontana (2012)
Recent trends in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders in the VHA.Psychiatric services, 63 5
T. Keane, J. Caddell, Kathryn Taylor (1988)
Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: three studies in reliability and validity.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 56 1
S Wessely, C Unwin, M Hotopf, L Hull, K Ismail, V Nicolaou, A David (2003)
Stability of recall of military hazards over time Evidence from the Persian Gulf War of 1991Br J Psychiatry., 183
Z. Solomon, M. Mikulincer (2006)
Trajectories of PTSD: a 20-year longitudinal study.The American journal of psychiatry, 163 4
T. Smith, M. Ryan, D. Wingard, D. Slymen, J. Sallis, D. Kritz-Silverstein (2008)
New onset and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder self reported after deployment and combat exposures: prospective population based US military cohort studyBMJ : British Medical Journal, 336
B. Frueh, Anouk Grubaugh, D. Yeager, K. Magruder (2009)
Delayed-onset post-traumatic stress disorder among war veterans in primary care clinicsBritish Journal of Psychiatry, 194
Mclellan At, L. Luborsky, J. Cacciola, Jeffrey Griffith, F. Evans, H. Barr, C. O'brien (1985)
New Data from the Addiction Severity Index Reliability and Validity in Three CentersThe Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 173
B. Andrews, C. Brewin, Lorna Stewart, R. Philpott, Jennie Hejdenberg (2009)
Comparison of immediate-onset and delayed-onset posttraumatic stress disorder in military veterans.Journal of abnormal psychology, 118 4
B. Andrews, C. Brewin, R. Philpott, Lorna Stewart (2007)
Delayed-onset posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review of the evidence.The American journal of psychiatry, 164 9
R. Adams, J. Boscarino (2006)
Predictors of PTSD and Delayed PTSD After Disaster: The Impact of Exposure and Psychosocial ResourcesThe Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194
Janet Williams (2013)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Although 40 years have passed since the Vietnam War, demand for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among veterans from this conflict has increased steadily. This study investigates the extent to which two factors, delayed onset or awareness of PTSD symptoms, may influence this demand. Using data from two studies of Vietnam Veterans in outpatient (n = 353) and inpatient (n = 721) PTSD treatment, this analysis examines retrospective perceptions of the time of symptom onset and awareness of the connection between symptoms and war-zone stress. The association of these two constructs with pre-war, wartime, and post-war clinical variables are analyzed. Delay in onset of symptoms was reported by 50 % of outpatients and 35 % of inpatients. Delay in awareness was reported by 60 % of outpatients and 65 % of inpatients. Onset of symptoms occurred within six years and onset of awareness within 20 years in 90 % of individuals. Reported delays in onset and awareness were associated with more numerous negative life events after military service and before the onset of symptoms. Findings suggest that providers, administrators, and policy makers should be aware of the potential for protracted treatment demand among veterans from current conflicts, due in part by delay in onset and awareness of symptoms.
Psychiatric Quarterly – Springer Journals
Published: Aug 23, 2014
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.