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Transient free radicals in viscous solvents

Transient free radicals in viscous solvents The majority of free radicals are highly reactive species which participate in bimolecular reactions with each other. Validation of the theory of molecular diffusion and reactivity in the liquid state requires knowledge of rate constants of radical–radical reactions (recombination, disproportionation) and their viscosity dependencies. An accurate comparison of theory and experiment has become available due to experimentally measured diffusion coefficients of reactive radicals by transient grating technique. Initial distribution of radicals in solution can be not random but pair-wise as in photo- or thermoinitiation of free radical polymerization reactions. Probability of a radical escape of a partner (cage escape) characterizes the initiator efficiency. Despite decades of measurement of cage effect values, cage effect dynamics with free radicals have only been investigated quite recently. The present tutorial review considers the effect of viscosity of Newtonian liquid on two types of recombination—in the solvent bulk and in a cage. Further, since radicals are paramagnetic species, external magnetic field affects probability of their reactions in pairs. These effects are also observed in viscous liquids, and reasons for such observations are explained. The recently discovered low magnetic field effect is also observed on radical pairs in viscous liquids. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Research on Chemical Intermediates Springer Journals

Transient free radicals in viscous solvents

Khudyakov, Igor
Research on Chemical Intermediates , Volume 39 (3) – Jul 25, 2012
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References (62)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Subject
Chemistry; Catalysis; Physical Chemistry; Inorganic Chemistry
ISSN
0922-6168
eISSN
1568-5675
DOI
10.1007/s11164-012-0703-x
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The majority of free radicals are highly reactive species which participate in bimolecular reactions with each other. Validation of the theory of molecular diffusion and reactivity in the liquid state requires knowledge of rate constants of radical–radical reactions (recombination, disproportionation) and their viscosity dependencies. An accurate comparison of theory and experiment has become available due to experimentally measured diffusion coefficients of reactive radicals by transient grating technique. Initial distribution of radicals in solution can be not random but pair-wise as in photo- or thermoinitiation of free radical polymerization reactions. Probability of a radical escape of a partner (cage escape) characterizes the initiator efficiency. Despite decades of measurement of cage effect values, cage effect dynamics with free radicals have only been investigated quite recently. The present tutorial review considers the effect of viscosity of Newtonian liquid on two types of recombination—in the solvent bulk and in a cage. Further, since radicals are paramagnetic species, external magnetic field affects probability of their reactions in pairs. These effects are also observed in viscous liquids, and reasons for such observations are explained. The recently discovered low magnetic field effect is also observed on radical pairs in viscous liquids.

Journal

Research on Chemical Intermediates – Springer Journals

Published: Jul 25, 2012

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