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Sarkopenie, die bei bis zu 50 % der über 80-Jährigen vorkommt, ist eine altersassoziierte Erkrankung, gekennzeichnet durch einen kombinierten Verlust an Muskelmasse, -kraft und -leistung. Die Folgen sind vielfältig, wobei die Sarkopenie eng mit der Gebrechlichkeit (Frailty) verknüpft ist. Zu den wichtigen Risikofaktoren zählen genetische/epigenetische Faktoren, Immobilisation, Fehl- und Mangelernährung, Hormonmangelzustände, chronische Entzündung und ein Anstieg der inhibitorischen Faktoren der Geweberegeneration. Jenseits einer Quantifizierung der Muskelmasse sind daher funktionelle Untersuchungen zentraler Bestandteil der Sarkopeniediagnostik. Aktuell wird eine ganze Reihe an Interventionsstrategien getestet, so u. a. Trainingsregimes, Ernährungsprogramme, Hormonersatztherapien sowie pharmakologische Ansätze mit anabolen Prinzipien. Nach der aktuellen Datenlage kommt Trainingsprogrammen und Medikamenten ein hohes Potenzial zu.
Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie – Springer Journals
Published: Apr 4, 2018
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