Role of cytokines and inflammation in heart function during health and disease

Role of cytokines and inflammation in heart function during health and disease By virtue of their actions on NF-κB, an inflammatory nuclear transcription factor, various cytokines have been documented to play important regulatory roles in determining cardiac function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Several cytokines including TNF-α, TGF-β, and different interleukins such as IL-1 IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 are involved in the development of various inflammatory cardiac pathologies, namely ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiomyopathies. In ischemia-related pathologies, most of the cytokines are released into the circulation and serve as biological markers of inflammation. Furthermore, there is an evidence of their direct role in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury, suggesting cytokines as potential targets for the development of some anti-ischemic therapies. On the other hand, certain cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are involved in the post-ischemic tissue repair and thus are considered to exert beneficial effects on cardiac function. Conflicting reports regarding the role of some cytokines in inducing cardiac dysfunction in heart failure and different types of cardiomyopathies seem to be due to differences in the nature, duration, and degree of heart disease as well as the concentrations of some cytokines in the circulation. In spite of extensive research work in this field of investigation, no satisfactory anti-cytokine therapy for improving cardiac function in any type of heart disease is available in the literature. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Heart Failure Reviews Springer Journals

Role of cytokines and inflammation in heart function during health and disease

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Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Subject
Medicine & Public Health; Cardiology
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1382-4147
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1573-7322
DOI
10.1007/s10741-018-9716-x
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Abstract

By virtue of their actions on NF-κB, an inflammatory nuclear transcription factor, various cytokines have been documented to play important regulatory roles in determining cardiac function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Several cytokines including TNF-α, TGF-β, and different interleukins such as IL-1 IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 are involved in the development of various inflammatory cardiac pathologies, namely ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiomyopathies. In ischemia-related pathologies, most of the cytokines are released into the circulation and serve as biological markers of inflammation. Furthermore, there is an evidence of their direct role in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury, suggesting cytokines as potential targets for the development of some anti-ischemic therapies. On the other hand, certain cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are involved in the post-ischemic tissue repair and thus are considered to exert beneficial effects on cardiac function. Conflicting reports regarding the role of some cytokines in inducing cardiac dysfunction in heart failure and different types of cardiomyopathies seem to be due to differences in the nature, duration, and degree of heart disease as well as the concentrations of some cytokines in the circulation. In spite of extensive research work in this field of investigation, no satisfactory anti-cytokine therapy for improving cardiac function in any type of heart disease is available in the literature.

Journal

Heart Failure Reviews – Springer Journals

Published: Jun 4, 2018

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    Varma, A; Das, A; Hoke, NN; Durrant, DE; Salloum, FN; Kukreja, RC
  • Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist provides cardioprotection during myocardial ischemia reperfusion in the mouse
    Toldo, S; Schatz, AM; Mezzaroma, E; Chawla, R; Stallard, TW; Stallard, WC; Jahangiri, A; Tassell, BW; Abbate, A
  • The suppression of proinflammatory cytokines improves heart function from non-heart-beating donors following transplantation in a canine model
    Ohki, S; Oshima, K; Tsutsumi, H; Koike, N; Matsumoto, K; Takeyoshi, I
  • Overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist provides cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with reduction in apoptosis
    Suzuki, K; Murtuza, B; Smolenski, RT; Sammut, IA; Suzuki, N; Kaneda, Y; Yacoub, MH
  • Reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting interleukin-1 alpha
    Mauro, AG; Mezzaroma, E; Torrado, J; Kundur, P; Joshi, P; Stroud, K; Quaini, F; Lagrasta, CA; Abbate, A; Toldo, S
  • Naoxintong attenuates ischaemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation
    Wang, Y; Yan, X; Mi, S; Li, Z; Wang, Y; Zhu, H; Sun, X; Zhao, B; Zhao, C; Zou, Y; Hu, K; Ding, X; Sun, A; Ge, J
  • The growth hormone secretagogue hexarelin protects rat cardiomyocytes from in vivo ischemia/reperfusion injury through interleukin-1 signaling pathway
    Huang, J; Li, Y; Zhang, J; Liu, Y; Lu, Q
  • Immune cytokines and cardiac disease
    Lange, LG; Schreiner, GF
  • Interleukin-1 in myocardium and coronary arteries of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
    Francis, SE; Holden, H; Holt, CM; Duff, GW
  • Association of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 inflammasome and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    Luo, B; Wang, F; Li, B; Dong, Z; Liu, X; Zhang, C; An, F
  • Absence of linkage between idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and candidate genes involved in the immune function in a large Italian pedigree
    Krajinovic, M; Mestroni, L; Severini, GM; Pinamonti, B; Camerini, F; Falaschi, A; Giacca, M
  • Circulating concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in mild or moderate heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    Munger, MA; Johnson, B; Amber, IJ; Callahan, KS; Gilbert, EM
  • Increased circulating cytokines in patients with myocarditis and cardiomyopathy
    Matsumori, A; Yamada, T; Suzuki, H; Matoba, Y; Sasayama, S
  • Expression of cytokine genes and presence of enteroviral genomic RNA in endomyocardial biopsy tissues of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy
    Satoh, M; Tamura, G; Segawa, I; Tashiro, A; Hiramori, K; Satodate, R
  • Activation of dendritic cells through the interleukin-1 receptor 1 is critical for the induction of autoimmune myocarditis
    Eriksson, U; Kurrer, MO; Sonderegger, I; Iezzi, G; Tafuri, A; Hunziker, L; Suzuki, S; Bachmaier, K; Bingisser, RM; Penninger, JM; Kopf, M
  • Myeloid differentiation factor-88/interleukin-1 signaling controls cardiac fibrosis and heart failure progression in inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy
    Blyszczuk, P; Kania, G; Dieterle, T; Marty, RR; Valaperti, A; Berthonneche, C; Pedrazzini, T; Berger, CT; Dirnhofer, S; Matter, CM; Penninger, JM; Lüscher, TF; Eriksson, U
  • Ectopic trypsin in the myocardium promotes dilated cardiomyopathy after influenza A virus infection
    Pan, HY; Sun, HM; Xue, LJ; Pan, M; Wang, YP; Kido, H; Zhu, JH
  • Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone, ameliorates experimental autoimmune myocarditis in rats
    Song, ZC; Wang, ZS; Bai, JH; Li, Z; Hu, J
  • Quantitative analysis of cytokine mRNA expression in hearts from patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
    Ukimura, A; Terasaki, F; Fujioka, S; Deguchi, H; Kitaura, Y; Isomura, T; Suma, H
  • Myocarditis or acute myocardial infarction associated with interleukin-2 therapy for cancer
    Kragel, AH; Travis, WD; Steis, RG; Rosenberg, SA; Roberts, WC
  • Case report and brief review: IL-2-induced myocarditis
    Eisner, RM; Husain, A; Clark, JI
  • Immune cell repertoire and their mediators in patients with acute myocardial infarction or stable angina pectoris
    Yan, W; Song, Y; Zhou, L; Jiang, J; Yang, F; Duan, Q; Che, L; Shen, Y; Song, H; Wang, L
  • Abnormal cytokine profiles in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and their asymptomatic relatives
    Marriott, JB; Goldman, JH; Keeling, PJ; Baig, MK; Dalgleish, AG; McKenna, WJ
  • Immunopathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Evidence for the role of TH2-type CD4+T lymphocytes and association with myocardial HLA-DR expression
    Kuethe, F; Braun, RK; Foerster, M; Schlenker, Y; Sigusch, HH; Kroegel, C; Figulla, HR
  • Cardioprotection of interleukin-2 is mediated via kappa-opioid receptors
    Cao, CM; Xia, Q; Tu, J; Chen, M; Wu, S; Wong, TM
  • Interleukin-2 enhances angiogenesis and preserves cardiac function following myocardial infarction
    Bouchentouf, M; Williams, P; Forner, KA; Cuerquis, J; Michaud, V; Paradis, P; Schiffrin, EL; Galipeau, J
  • Risk factor analysis of plasma cytokines in patients with coronary artery disease by a multiplexed fluorescent immunoassay
    Martins, TB; Anderson, JL; Muhlestein, JB; Horne, BD; Carlquist, JF; Roberts, WL; Carlquist, JF
  • Serum concentrations of interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in relation to severe left ventricular dysfunction in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
    Szkodzinski, J; Hudzik, B; Osuch, M; Romanowski, W; Szygula-Jurkiewicz, B; Polonski, L; Zubelewicz-Szkodzinska, B
  • Eosinophil-derived IL-4 drives progression of myocarditis to inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy
    Diny, NL; Baldeviano, GC; Talor, MV; Barin, JG; Ong, S; Bedja, D; Hays, AG; Gilotra, NA; Coppens, I; Rose, NR; Čiháková, D
  • Interleukin-4 and cardiac fibrosis in patients with heart failure
    Roselló-Lletí, E; Rivera, M; Bertomeu, V; Cortés, R; Jordán, A; González-Molina, A
  • Profibrotic role for interleukin-4 in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction
    Peng, H; Sarwar, Z; Yang, XP; Peterson, EL; Xu, J; Janic, B; Rhaleb, N; Carretero, OA; Rhaleb, NE
  • Alternatively activated macrophages determine repair of the infarcted adult murine heart
    Shiraishi, M; Shintani, Y; Shintani, Y; Ishida, H; Saba, R; Yamaguchi, A; Adachi, H; Yashiro, K; Suzuki, K
  • IL-4 as a repurposed biological drug for myocardial infarction through augmentation of reparative cardiac macrophages: proof-of-concept data in mice
    Shintani, Y; Ito, T; Fields, L; Shiraishi, M; Ichihara, Y; Sato, N; Podaru, M; Kainuma, S; Tanaka, H; Suzuki, K
  • Vγ1+γδT, early cardiac infiltrated innate population dominantly producing IL-4, protect mice against CVB3 myocarditis by modulating IFNγ+ T response
    Wan, F; Yan, K; Xu, D; Qian, Q; Liu, H; Li, M; Xu, W
  • Silencing micro RNA-155 attenuates cardiac injury and dysfunction in viral myocarditis via promotion of M2 phenotype polarization of macrophages
    Zhang, Y; Zhang, M; Li, X; Tang, Z; Wang, X; Zhong, M; Suo, Q; Zhang, Y; Lv, K
  • Proinflammatory cytokines and myocardial viability in patients after acute myocardial infarction
    Kosmala, W; Przewlocka-Kosmala, M; Mazurek, W
  • Increased plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations after myocardial infarction and the presence of depression during next 6-months
    Wilkowska, A; Pikuła, M; Rynkiewicz, A; Wdowczyk-Szulc, J; Trzonkowski, P; Landowski, J
  • Effects of single-dose atorvastatin on interleukin-6, interferon gamma, and myocardial no-reflow in a rabbit model of acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion
    Zhao, XJ; Liu, XL; He, GX; Xu, HP
  • Regulation of CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor, and gp130 expression during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion
    Chandrasekar, B; Mitchell, DH; Colston, JT; Freeman, GL
  • IL-6 and its receptors in coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction
    Anderson, DR; Poterucha, JT; Mikuls, TR; Duryee, MJ; Garvin, RP; Klassen, LW; Shurmur, SW; Thiele, GM
  • p42/p44-MAPK and PI3K are sufficient for IL-6 family cytokines/gp130 to signal to hypertrophy and survival in cardiomyocytes in the absence of JAK/STAT activation
    Fahmi, A; Smart, N; Punn, A; Jabr, R; Marber, M; Heads, R
  • Circulating interleukin-6 significantly correlates to thyroid hormone in acute myocardial infarction but not in chronic heart failure
    Nishino, M; Kimura, T; Kanda, T; Kotajima, N; Yoshida, A; Kuwabara, A; Tamama, K; Fukumura, Y; Kobayashi, I
  • Proinflammatory cytokines in acute myocardial infarction with and without cardiogenic shock
    Debrunner, M; Schuiki, E; Minder, E; Straumann, E; Naegeli, B; Mury, R; Bertel, O; Frielingsdorf, J
  • Interleukin-6 and the risk of adverse outcomes in patients after an acute coronary syndrome: observations from the SOLID-TIMI 52 (Stabilization of Plaque Using Darapladib-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 52) trial
    Fanola, CL; Morrow, DA; Cannon, CP; Jarolim, P; Lukas, MA; Bode, C; Hochman, JS; Goodrich, EL; Braunwald, E; O'Donoghue, ML
  • Inflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein and outcomes in stable coronary heart disease: experiences from the STABILITY (Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Initiation of Darapladib Therapy) trial
    Held, C; White, HD; Stewart, RAH; Budaj, A; Cannon, CP; Hochman, JS; Koenig, W; Siegbahn, A; Steg, PG; Soffer, J; Weaver, WD; Östlund, O; Wallentin, L
  • Interleukin-6 mediates post-infarct repair by cardiac explant-derived stem cells
    Mayfield, AE; Kanda, P; Nantsios, A; Parent, S; Mount, S; Dixit, S; Ye, B; Seymour, R; Stewart, DJ; Davis, DR
  • Elevated plasma amylase levels in advanced chronic heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: correlation with circulating interleukin-6 activity
    Parissis, JT; Adamopoulos, SN; Venetsanou, KF; Karas, SM; Kremastinos, DT
  • Comparison of circulating levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    Högye, M; Mándi, Y; Csanády, M; Sepp, R; Buzás, K
  • Polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 gene and C-reactive protein profiles in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    Liaquat, A; Asifa, GZ; Zeenat, A; Javed, Q
  • The tumor necrosis factor-α -238G/A and IL-6 -572G/C gene polymorphisms and the risk of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a meta-analysis of 25 studies including 9493 cases and 13,971 controls
    Liaquat, A; Shauket, U; Ahmad, W; Javed, Q
  • Selective in vitro growth of T lymphocytes from normal human bone marrows
    Morgan, DA; Ruscetti, FW; Gallo, R
  • Both integrated and differential regulation of components of the IL-2/IL-2 receptor system
    Kim, HP; Imbert, J; Leonard, WJ
  • IL-2 family cytokines: new insights into the complex roles of IL-2 as a broad regulator of T helper cell differentiation
    Liao, W; Lin, JX; Leonard, WJ
  • Isolated left ventricular filling abnormalities may predict interleukin-2-induced cardiovascular toxicity
    Citterio, G; Fragasso, G; Rossetti, E; Lucca, G; Bucci, E; Foppoli, M; Guerrieri, R; Matteucci, P; Polastri, D; Scaglietti, U; Tresoldi, M; Chierchia, SL; Rugarli, C
  • Plasma levels of interleukin 2, 6, 10 and phenotypic characterization of circulating T lymphocytes in ischemic heart disease
    Mazzone, A; Servi, S; Vezzoli, M; Fossati, G; Mazzucchelli, I; Gritti, D; Ottini, E; Mussini, A; Specchia, G
  • Peri-infarct zone characterized by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is directly associated with the inflammatory activity during acute phase myocardial infarction
    Quinaglia e Silva, JC; Coelho-Filho, OR; Andrade, JM; Quinaglia, T; Modolo, RG; Almeida, BO; Geest, RJ; Jerosch-Herold, M; Coelho, OR; Sposito, AC
  • Expression of coinhibitory PD-L1 on CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells is elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome
    Li, SH; Chen, WJ; Yan, M; Shu, YW; Liao, YH
  • Interleukin-2 modulates the responsiveness to angiotensin II in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells
    Nabata, T; Fukuo, K; Morimoto, S; Kitano, S; Momose, N; Hirotani, A; Nakahashi, T; Nishibe, A; Hata, S; Niinobu, T; Suhara, T; Shimizu, M; Ohkuma, H; Sakurai, S; Nishimaki, H; Ogihara, T
  • T lymphocyte activation in stable angina pectoris and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
    Blum, A; Sclarovsky, S; Shohat, B
  • Plasma concentrations of interleukin-2 soluble receptor in mild ischaemic left ventricular dysfunction
    Abbate, A; Vecile, E; Fiotti, N; Giansante, C; Guarnieri, G; Sciascio, G; Dobrina, A
  • Soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Correlation with disease severity and cardiac autoantibodies
    Limas, CJ; Goldenberg, IF; Limas, C
  • Elevated serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor, neopterin and beta-2-microglobulin in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: relation to disease severity and autoimmune pathogenesis
    Caforio, AL; Goldman, JH; Baig, MK; Mahon, NJ; Haven, AJ; Souberbielle, BE; Holt, DW; Dalgleish, AG; McKenna, WJ
  • Immunosuppression with an interleukin-2 fusion protein leads to improved LV function in experimental ischemic cardiomyopathy
    Koch, M; Savvatis, K; Scheeler, M; Dhayat, S; Bonaventura, K; Pohl, T; Riad, A; Bulfone-Paus, S; Schultheiss, HP; Tschöpe, C
  • CD73 on T cells orchestrates cardiac wound healing after myocardial infarction by purinergic metabolic reprogramming
    Borg, N; Alter, C; Görldt, N; Jacoby, C; Ding, Z; Steckel, B; Quast, C; Bönner, F; Friebe, D; Temme, S; Flögel, U; Schrader, J
  • The IL-4 receptor: signaling mechanisms and biologic functions
    Nelms, K; Keegan, AD; Zamorano, J; Ryan, JJ; Paul, WE
  • Signaling pathways in Th2 development
    Mowen, KA; Glimcher, LH
  • Regulation of inflammation by interleukin-4: a review of “alternatives”
    Luzina, IG; Keegan, AD; Heller, NM; Rook, GAW; Shea-Donohue, T; Atamas, SP
  • Potential antiinflammatory effects of interleukin 4: suppression of human monocyte tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1, and prostaglandin E2
    Hart, PH; Vitti, GF; Burgess, DR; Whitty, GA; Piccoli, DS; Hamilton, JA
  • IL-4 pretreatment selectively enhances cytokine and chemokine production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages
    Major, J; Fletcher, JE; Hamilton, TA
  • The -589C>T polymorphism in the interleukin-4 gene (IL-4) is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction in young individuals
    Paffen, E; Medina, P; Visser, MC; Wijngaarden, A; Zorio, E; Estellés, A; Rosendaal, FR; España, F; Bertina, RM; Doggen, CJ
  • TH1/TH2 functional imbalance after acute myocardial infarction: coronary arterial inflammation or myocardial inflammation
    Cheng, X; Liao, YH; Ge, H; Li, B; Zhang, J; Yuan, J; Wang, M; Liu, Y; Guo, Z; Chen, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, L
  • Delayed expression of cytokines after reperfused myocardial infarction: possible trigger for cardiac dysfunction and ventricular remodeling
    Moro, C; Jouan, MG; Rakotovao, A; Toufektsian, MC; Ormezzano, O; Nagy, N; Tosaki, A; Leiris, J; Boucher, F
  • Cardiac gene expression and systemic cytokine profile are complementary in a murine model of post-ischemic heart failure
    Lachtermacher, S; Esporcatte, BL; Montalvão, F; Costa, PC; Rodrigues, DC; Belem, L; Rabischoffisky, A; Faria Neto, HC; Vasconcellos, R; Iacobas, S; Iacobas, DA; Dohmann, HF; Spray, DC; Goldenberg, RC; Campos-de-Carvalho, AC
  • Apigenin attenuates experimental autoimmune myocarditis by modulating Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in mice
    Zhang, S; Liu, X; Sun, C; Yang, J; Wang, L; Liu, J; Gong, L; Jing, Y
  • Plasma cytokine profile in tropical endomyocardial fibrosis: predominance of TNF-a, IL-4 and IL-10
    Bossa, AS; Salemi, VM; Ribeiro, SP; Rosa, DS; Ferreira, LR; Ferreira, SC; Nishiya, AS; Mady, C; Kalil, J; Cunha-Neto, E
  • IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease
    Tanaka, T; Narazaki, M; Kishimoto, T
  • IL-6/IL-6 receptor system and its role in physiological and pathological conditions
    Mihara, M; Hashizume, M; Yoshida, H; Suzuki, M; Shiina, M
  • Elevated plasma interleukin-6 levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction
    Miyao, Y; Yasue, H; Ogawa, H; Misumi, I; Masuda, T; Sakamoto, T; Morita, E
  • Reduced acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in IL-6-deficient mice employing a closed-chest model
    Jong, WM; Cate, H; Linnenbank, AC; Boer, OJ; Reitsma, PH; Winter, RJ; Zuurbier, CJ
  • Inhibition of interleukin-6 receptor in a murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
    Hartman, MH; Vreeswijk-Baudoin, I; Groot, HE; Kolk, KW; Boer, RA; Mateo Leach, I; Vliegenthart, R; Sillje, HH; Harst, P
  • Effect of a single dose of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab on inflammation and troponin T release in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial
    Kleveland, O; Kunszt, G; Bratlie, M; Ueland, T; Broch, K; Holte, E; Michelsen, AE; Bendz, B; Amundsen, BH6; Espevik, T9; Aakhus, S10; Damås, JK9; Aukrust, P11; Wiseth, R6; Gullestad, L
  • Effect of interleukin-6 inhibition on coronary microvascular and endothelial function in myocardial infarction
    Holte, E; Kleveland, O; Ueland, T; Kunszt, G; Bratlie, M; Broch, K; Michelsen, AE; Bendz, B; Amundsen, BH; Aakhus, S; Damås, JK; Gullestad, L; Aukrust, P; Wiseth, R
  • IL-6 levels in acute and post myocardial infarction: their relation to CRP levels, infarction size, left ventricular systolic function, and heart failure
    Gabriel, AS; Martinsson, A; Wretlind, B; Ahnve, S
  • IL-6 plays an obligatory role in late preconditioning via JAK-STAT signaling and upregulation of iNOS and COX-2
    Dawn, B; Xuan, YT; Guo, Y; Rezazadeh, A; Stein, AB; Hunt, G; Wu, WJ; Tan, W; Bolli, R
  • Serum interleukin-6 in congestive heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    Roig, E; Orús, J; Paré, C; Azqueta, M; Filella, X; Perez-Villa, F; Heras, M; Sanz, G
  • Effects of carvedilol on plasma levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in nine patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
    Matsumura, T; Tsushima, K; Ohtaki, E; Misu, K; Tohbaru, T; Asano, R; Nagayama, M; Kitahara, K; Umemura, J; Sumiyoshi, T; Hosoda, S
  • Left-ventricular expression of interleukin-6 messenger-RNA higher in idiopathic dilated than in ischemic cardiomyopathy
    Plenz, G; Song, ZF; Reichenberg, S; Tjan, TD; Robenek, H; Deng, MC
  • Interleukin-6-deficient mice resist development of experimental autoimmune cardiomyopathy induced by immunization of β1-adrenergic receptor
    Ma, LP; Premaratne, G; Bollano, E; Lindholm, C; Fu, M
  • The varying faces of IL-6: from cardiac protection to cardiac failure
    Fontes, JA; Rose, NR; Čiháková, D
  • Cytokines and chemokines: at the crossroads of cell signalling and inflammatory disease
    Turner, MD; Nedjai, B; Hurst, T; Pennington, DJ
  • Interleukin-8 in cancer pathogenesis, treatment and follow-up
    Alfaro, C; Sanmamed, MF; Rodríguez-Ruiz, ME; Teijeira, Á; Oñate, C; González, Á; Ponz, M; Schalper, KA; Pérez-Gracia, JL; Melero, I
  • Ischemia-induced interleukin-8 release after human heart transplantation. A potential role for endothelial cells
    Oz, MC; Liao, H; Naka, Y; Seldomridge, A; Becker, DN; Michler, RE; Smith, CR; Rose, EA; Stern, DM; Pinsky, DJ
  • Human cytokine responses to cardiac transplantation and coronary artery bypass grafting
    Wan, S; Marchant, A; DeSmet, JM; Antoine, M; Zhang, H; Vachiery, JL; Goldman, M; Vincent, JL; LeClerc, JL
  • Transient rise in serum interleukin-8 concentration during acute myocardial infarction
    Abe, Y; Kawakami, M; Kuroki, M; Yamamoto, T; Fujii, M; Kobayashi, H; Yaginuma, T; Kashii, A; Saito, M; Matsushima, K
  • Myocardial ischaemia and the inflammatory response: release of heat shock protein 70 after myocardial infarction
    Dybdahl, B; Slørdahl, SA; Waage, A; Kierulf, P; Espevik, T; Sundan, A
  • Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in post-infarction left ventricular remodeling
    Zarrouk-Mahjoub, S; Zaghdoudi, M; Amira, Z; Chebi, H; Khabouchi, N; Finsterer, J; Mechmeche, R; Ghazouani, E
  • Interleukin-8 gene induction in the myocardium after ischemia and reperfusion in vivo
    Kukielka, GL; Smith, CW; LaRosa, GJ; Manning, AM; Mendoza, LH; Daly, TJ; Hughes, BJ; Youker, KA; Hawkins, HK; Michael, LH
  • Pterostilbene attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway
    Hu, L; Cai, N; Jia, H
  • Inhibition of interleukin-8 blocks myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
    Boyle, EM; Kovacich, JC; Hèbert, CA; Canty, TG; Chi, E; Morgan, EN; Pohlman, TH; Verrier, ED
  • HIF-1 activation attenuates postischemic myocardial injury: role for heme oxygenase-1 in modulating microvascular chemokine generation
    Ockaili, R; Natarajan, R; Salloum, F; Fisher, BJ; Jones, D; Fowler, AA; Kukreja, RC
  • Elevated baseline plasma IL-8 levels are an independent predictor of long-term all-cause mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome
    Cavusoglu, E; Marmur, JD; Yanamadala, S; Chopra, V; Hegde, S; Nazli, A; Singh, KP; Zhang, M; Eng, C
  • Interleukin-8 gene polymorphism is associated with acute coronary syndrome in the Chinese Han population
    Zhang, X; Zhang, B; Zhang, M; Han, Y; Zhao, Y; Meng, Z; Li, X; Kang, J; Yan, C
  • Association of interleukin 8 and myocardial recovery in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by acute heart failure
    Husebye, T; Eritsland, J; Arnesen, H; Bjørnerheim, R; Mangschau, A; Seljeflot, I; Andersen, GØ
  • Association of interleukin 8 with myocardial infarction: results from the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program
    Velásquez, IM; Frumento, P; Johansson, K; Berglund, A; Faire, U; Leander, K; Gigante, B
  • Chemokines in myocardial ischemia
    Frangogiannis, NG; Entman, ML
  • Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) causes overproduction of IL-8, an angiogenic cytokine and stimulates neovascularization in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats
    Haleagrahara, N; Chakravarthi, S; Mathews, L
  • Interleukin-8 is associated with circulating CD133+ progenitor cells in acute myocardial infarction
    Schömig, K; Busch, G; Steppich, B; Sepp, D; Kaufmann, J; Stein, A; Schömig, A; Ott, I
  • Endothelial cells overexpressing IL-8 receptor reduce cardiac remodeling and dysfunction following myocardial infarction
    Zhao, X; Zhang, W; Xing, D; Li, P; Fu, J; Gong, K; Hage, FG; Oparil, S; Chen, YF
  • Significance of changes in TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels in the progression of heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction
    Kaur, K; Sharma, AK; Singal, PK
  • Dexamethasone decreases the pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokine ratio during cardiac surgery
    Azab, SR; Rosseel, PM; Lange, JJ; Groeneveld, AB; Strik, R; Wijk, EM; Scheffer, GJ
  • Effects of growth hormone on circulating cytokine network, and left ventricular contractile performance and geometry in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
    Adamopoulos, S; Parissis, JT; Paraskevaidis, I; Karatzas, D; Livanis, E; Georgiadis, M; Karavolias, G; Mitropoulos, D; Degiannis, D; Kremastinos, DT
  • Icaritin attenuates myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects in rats
    Zhang, W; Xing, B; Yang, L; Shi, J; Zhou, X
  • Chemerin 15-Ameliorated cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with the induction of alternatively activated macrophages
    Chang, C; Ji, Q; Wu, B; Yu, K; Zeng, Q; Xin, S; Liu, J; Zhou, Y
  • Y RNA fragment in extracellular vesicles confers cardioprotection via modulation of IL-10 expression and secretion
    Cambier, L; Couto, G; Ibrahim, A; Echavez, AK; Valle, J; Liu, W; Kreke, M; Smith, RR; Marbán, L; Marbán, E
  • Akt regulates IL-10 mediated suppression of TNFα-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by upregulating Stat3 phosphorylation
    Dhingra, S; Bagchi, AK; Ludke, AL; Sharma, AK; Singal, PK
  • p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs mediate the interplay of TNF-alpha and IL-10 in regulating oxidative stress and cardiac myocyte apoptosis
    Dhingra, S; Sharma, AK; Singla, DK; Singal, PK
  • IL-10 attenuates TNF-alpha-induced NF kappaB pathway activation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis
    Dhingra, S; Sharma, AK; Arora, RC; Slezak, J; Singal, PK
  • Interleukin-10 activates Toll-like receptor 4 and requires MyD88 for cardiomyocyte survival
    Bagchi, AK; Sharma, A; Dhingra, S; Lehenbauer Ludke, AR; Al-Shudiefat, AA; Singal, PK
  • Toll-like receptor 2 dominance over Toll-like receptor 4 in stressful conditions for its detrimental role in the heart
    Bagchi, AK; Akolkar, G; Mandal, S; Ayyappan, P; Yang, X; Singal, PK
  • Exercise ameliorates high fat diet induced cardiac dysfunction by increasing interleukin 10
    Kesherwani, V; Chavali, V; Hackfort, BT; Tyagi, SC; Mishra, PK
  • Quantitative analysis of cytokine mRNA expression in hearts from patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)
    Ukimura, A; Terasaki, F; Fujioka, S; Deguchi, H; Kitaura, Y; Isomura, T; Suma, H
  • Increased circulating interleukin 10-secreting B cells in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
    Guo, Y; Cen, Z; Wei, B; Wu, W; Zhou, Q
  • Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in acute myocarditis. Interleukin-10
    Izumi, T; Nishii, M
  • Serum interleukin 6 and 10 levels in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: increased admission levels may predict adverse events at follow-up
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  • Persistent expression of cytokines in the chronic stage of CVB3-induced myocarditis in NMRI mice
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  • Regulatory effects of IL-18 on cytokine profiles and development of myocarditis during Trypanosoma cruzi infection
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  • The selective NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 reduces infarct size and preserves cardiac function in a pig model of myocardial infarction
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  • Knockdown of EMMPRIN improves adverse remodeling mediated by IL-18 in the post-infarcted heart
    Su, Z; Lin, R; Chen, Y; Shu, X; Zhang, H; Nie, R; Wang, J; Xie, S
  • Interleukin-10: new perspectives on an old cytokine
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  • Biology of TNFalpha and IL-10, and their imbalance in heart failure
    Kaur, K; Dhingra, S; Slezak, J; Sharma, AK; Bajaj, A; Singal, PK
  • Coxsackievirus B3 induces T regulatory cells, which inhibit cardiomyopathy in tumor necrosis factor-alpha transgenic mice
    Huber, SA; Feldman, AM; Sartini, D
  • Interleukin-18, a proinflammatory cytokine
    Dinarello, CA
  • Immunoregulatory functions of interleukin 18 and its role in defense against bacterial pathogens
    Biet, F; Locht, C; Kremer, L
  • TNF-alpha and H2O2 induce IL-18 and IL-18R beta expression in cardiomyocytes via NF-kappa B activation
    Chandrasekar, B; Colston, JT; Rosa, SD; Rao, PP; Freeman, GL
  • Increased plasma concentrations of interleukin-18 in acute coronary syndromes
    Mallat, Z; Henry, P; Fressonnet, R; Alouani, S; Scoazec, A; Beaufils, P; Chvatchko, Y; Tedgui, A
  • High serum interleukin-18 concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Suchanek, H; Myśliwska, J; Siebert, J; Wieckiewicz, J; Hak, Ł; Szyndler, K; Kartanowicz, D
  • Interleukin-18 and the risk of coronary heart disease in European men: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME)
    Blankenberg, S; Luc, G; Ducimetière, P; Arveiler, D; Ferrières, J; Amouyel, P; Evans, A; Cambien, F; Tiret, L
  • Increased concentrations of C-reactive protein and IL-6 but not IL-18 are independently associated with incident coronary events in middle-aged men and women: results from the MONICA/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study, 1984-2002
    Koenig, W; Khuseyinova, N; Baumert, J; Thorand, B; Loewel, H; Chambless, L; Meisinger, C; Schneider, A; Martin, S; Kolb, H; Herder, C
  • Prospective study of IL-18 and risk of MI and stroke in men and women aged 60-79 years: a nested case-control study
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  • Combined elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-12 are associated with clinical events in patients with coronary artery disease: an observational study
    Opstad, TB; Arnesen, H; Pettersen, AÅ; Seljeflot, I
  • The co-existence of the IL-18+183 A/G and MMP-9 -1562 C/T polymorphisms is associated with clinical events in coronary artery disease patients
    Opstad, TB; Pettersen, AÅ; Arnesen, H; Seljeflot, I
  • Endothelial dysfunction mediated by interleukin-18 in patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery
    Jadranko, S; Tokmadzic, VS; Danijel, K; Igor, M; Nada, VD; Sanja, B; Marijana, R; Ana, LB; Gordana, L

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