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Bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate [Bi(NO3)3·5H2O] or zirconium(IV) chloride (ZrCl4) has been shown to catalyze nucleophilic ring opening of 2,2-dicyanooxiranes along with ring closure by 1,3-dinucleophiles such as 1H-1,3-benzimidazole-2-thiol, 5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, and thioureas. These reactions led to efficient synthesis of heterocyclic compounds condensed with benzimidazole or triazole derivatives. The used catalysts are inexpensive, highly efficient, and reusable for opening of epoxides with 1,3-dinucleophiles at ambient temperature, with excellent regioselectivity.
Research on Chemical Intermediates – Springer Journals
Published: Mar 6, 2014
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