Quality Evaluation of Groundwater Resources
using Geostatistical Methods (Case Study: Central
Lorestan Plain, Iran)
Maryam Safarbeiranvnd
1
&
Hakimeh Amanipoor
1
&
Sedigheh Battaleb-Looie
1
&
Kamal Ghanemi
2
&
Behrouz Ebrahimi
3
Received: 21 June 2017 / Accepted: 10 May 2018
#
Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract In this research, based on the qualitative data of 40 wells, variations of water quality
parameters of the Central Plain Aquifer were evaluated using kriging and IDW (Inverse
Distance Weighting) methods. Owing to the normal distribution of the studied parameters
(except Na
+
,SO
4
2−
, and TH: total hardness), ordinary kriging was used for modeling. The
analysis of the data trends indicated that all the variables were influenced by in two general
trends, i.e., NW–SE and NE–SW. In fact, these trends were a result of the effect of the
structural conditions on aquifer properties such as transmissivity and flow direction. Variogram
analysis (based on C
0
near zero and C
0
/σ
2
ratio between 0.0–0.5) showed that the Na
+
,TDS
(total dissolved solids), Ca
2+
, and TH variables have a good spatial structure and the BOD
(biochemical oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), NO
3
−
, and EC variables
have poor spatial structure. The BOD, COD, NO
3
−
, and EC (electrical conductivity) variables
have the smallest range and isotropic distribution. On the other hand, the Ca
2+
,Mg
2+
,Na
+
,
SO
4
2−
,Cl
−
, HCO
3
−
, pH, TDS, TH and Alk (alkalinity) parameters are characterized by
anisotropic distributions. The Na
+
,TDS,Ca
2+
, and TH variables have the largest range. The
results showed that both the IDW and kriging methods have close estimates to one another.
The pH variable decreases toward the outlet whereas the EC and TDS variables increase along
the direction of water flow and toward the outlet. The distributions of the BOD and COD
variables do not perfectly match with the aggregation of industrial activities in the central part
Water Resou r Manage
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-2009-2
* Hakimeh Amanipoor
h_amanipoor@yahoo.com
1
Environment Department, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine
Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
2
Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine Science, Khorramshahr University of Marine
Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
3
Lorestan Regional Water Authority, Khorramabad, Iran
@Phil_Robichaud
@deepthiw
@JoseServera