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Chemical Papers
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-018-0506-7
ORIGINAL PAPER
Phytochemical fabrication, characterization, and antioxidant
application of copper and cobalt oxides nanoparticles using Sesbania
sesban plant
Fereshteh Ezzati Ghadi
1
· Abdollah Ramzani Ghara
1
· Atena Naeimi
2
Received: 5 February 2018 / Accepted: 21 May 2018
© Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2018
Abstract
In this work, an ecofriendly and economic strategy for synthesize of CuO and Co
3
O
4
were developed using extracted Sesba-
nia sesban solution (ESS) as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and bioreactor. These novel nano metal oxides (NMOs) were
characterized by high-resolution-transmission electron microscopy (TEM), EDAX thermo gravimetric analysis and X-ray
diffraction (XRD). Morphology and size of them were investigated by TEM and the average sizes of for spherical CuO and
Co
3
O
4
nanoparticles are 20–40 and 15–30 nm, respectively. The XRD and EDAX confirmed the high purity for NMOs. The
thermal behaviors of the NMOs exhibited good crystallographic stability within the investigated temperature range. The anti-
oxidant and antibacterial activities of NMOs were investigated and compared to manganese(III) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin
complex/Ag nanocomposite (Ag/P nanocomposite) synthesizing by ESS. The results obtained from this work showed that
copper(II) oxide, cobalt oxide nanoparticles, and Ag/P nanocomposite have DPPH scavenging activity. On the other hand,
NMOs have no antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacterial strains. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles have antibacterial
activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while Ag/P nanocomposite showed the antibacterial activities against both Gram-
negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains.
Keywords Green chemistry · Nano metal oxides · Antibacterial activity · Sesbania sesban
Introduction
In today’s world, synthesis of metals and metal oxides nano-
particles (NMMOs) using bioresource-based green attracts so
much attention as an emerging technology to reduce the tox-
icity of nanoparticles (Vijayakumar et al. 2016, 2017; Banu-
mathi et al. 2016, 2017; Ishwarya et al. 2018). Green synthe-
sis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts can minimize
their toxicity, whereas most chemical methods for the syn-
thesis using hazardous compounds such as hydrazine, sodium
borohydride, and dimethyl formamide as reducing agents
result in a more complicated and time-consuming process for
removing the toxic compounds for biomedical applications.
Furthermore, synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant
extracts is very cost-effective, (Diallo et al. 2016;Diallo et al.
2015; Philip 2009; Ramesh et al. 2015) and, therefore, can be
used as an economical and valuable alternative to the large-
scale production of metal nanoparticles. In addition, the full
utilization of plant waste is a sustainable path for develop-
ment (Rauwel et al. 2015; Sone et al. 2015). Fabrication of
NMMOs using high-efficiency, safe, sustainable and environ-
mental friendly processes, and low-cost biological sources
are of interest to chemists, biologists, and material scien-
tists for different applications such as catalysis, molecular
sensing, environmental remediation, and medicine (Basiuk
and Basiuk 2015). In this regards, studies on green synthe-
sis of NMMOs using plant extracts have been carried out
extensively (Thema et al. 2015, 2016; Thovhogi et al. 2015).
Hence, flavonoids as phytochemicals in plants are essential
for the formation and increase of bio-functionality and com-
patibility of NMMOs (Mishra et al. 2014). It should be noted
that the huge application potential of NMMOs in many fields
is related to large quantities of materials can be prepared with
high reproducibility in terms of composition, size, shape, and
* Atena Naeimi
a.naeimi@ujiroft.ac.ir
1
Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University
of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Jiroft, Jiroft 7867161167, Iran
@Phil_Robichaud
@deepthiw
@JoseServera