Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
M. Lachman, Suzanne Weaver (1998)
The sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in health and well-being.Journal of personality and social psychology, 74 3
I. Schoon, L. Hansson, K. Salmela-Aro (2005)
Combining work and family life. Life satisfaction among married and divorced men and women in Estonia, Finland, and the UKEuropean Psychologist, 10
P. Jackson (1997)
Role occupancy and minority mental health.Journal of health and social behavior, 38 3
B. Janzen, N. Muhajarine (2003)
Social role occupancy, gender, income adequacy, life stage and health: a longitudinal study of employed Canadian men and women.Social science & medicine, 57 8
R. Burton (1998)
Global integrative meaning as a mediating factor in the relationship between social roles and psychological distress.Journal of health and social behavior, 39 3
R. Barnett, J. Hyde (2001)
Women, men, work, and family. An expansionist theory.The American psychologist, 56 10
P. Thoits (1987)
Gender and marital status differences in control and distress: common stress versus unique stress explanations.Journal of health and social behavior, 28 1
Jacob Cohen, P. Cohen, S. West, L. Aiken (1979)
Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences
C. Bird, C. Ross (1993)
Houseworkers and paid workers: Qualities of the work and effects on personal control.Journal of Marriage and Family, 55
R. Barnett, Nancy Marshall, Judith Singer (1992)
Job experiences over time, multiple roles, and women's mental health: a longitudinal study.Journal of personality and social psychology, 62 4
(2004)
Family roles and well-being during the middle life course How healthy are we? A national study of well-being at midlife (pp
R. Simon (1997)
The meanings individuals attach to role identities and their implications for mental health.Journal of health and social behavior, 38 3
S. Jutras, F. Veilleux (1991)
Gender roles and care giving to the elderly: An empirical studySex Roles, 25
P. Adelmann (1994)
Multiple Roles and Physical Health among Older AdultsResearch on Aging, 16
W. Goode (1960)
A theory of role strain.American Sociological Review, 25
(2003)
Employment status: 2000
J. Mirowsky, C. Ross (1986)
Social Patterns of DistressReview of Sociology, 12
M. Stephens, M. Franks (1999)
Parent Care in the Context of Women's Multiple RolesCurrent Directions in Psychological Science, 8
E. Menaghan (1989)
Role Changes and Psychological Weil-Being: Variations in Effects by Gender and Role RepertoireSocial Forces, 67
J. Mirowsky, C. Ross (1990)
Control or defense? Depression and the sense of control over good and bad outcomes.Journal of health and social behavior, 31 1
D. Mroczek, C. Kolarz (1998)
The effect of age on positive and negative affect: a developmental perspective on happiness.Journal of personality and social psychology, 75 5
Corey Keyes, D. Shmotkin, C. Ryff (2002)
Optimizing well-being: the empirical encounter of two traditions.Journal of personality and social psychology, 82 6
R. Kessler (1982)
A disaggregation of the relationship between socioeconomic status and psychological distress.American sociological review, 47 6
Ronald Kessler, K. Mickelson, David Williams (1999)
The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States.Journal of health and social behavior, 40 3
D. Cochran, D. Brown, K. McGregor (1999)
Racial differences in the multiple social roles of older women: implications for depressive symptoms.The Gerontologist, 39 4
I. Schoon, L. Hansson, K. Salmela‐Aro (2005)
Combining Work and Family Life: Life Satisfaction Among Married and Divorced Men and Women in EstoniEuropean Psychologist
K. Christensen, M. Stephens, A. Townsend (1998)
Mastery in women's multiple roles and well-being: adult daughters providing care to impaired parents.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 17 2
R. Ryan, E. Deci (2001)
On happiness and human potentials: a review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being.Annual review of psychology, 52
P. Adelmann (1994)
Multiple roles and psychological well-being in a national sample of older adults.Journal of gerontology, 49 6
R. Kominski, James Fitzsimmons (1980)
Population Profile of the United States: 1979.Current population reports. Series P-20, Population characteristics, 350
M. Stephens, M. Franks, A. Townsend (1994)
Stress and rewards in women's multiple roles: the case of women in the middle.Psychology and aging, 9 1
Bruce Link, M. Lennon, B. Dohrenwend (1993)
Socioeconomic Status and Depression: The Role of Occupations Involving Direction, Control, and PlanningAmerican Journal of Sociology, 98
I. Pardoe (2000)
An Introduction to Bootstrap Methods using Arc
M. L. Miller, P. Moen, D. Dempster-McClain (1991)
Motherhood, multiple roles, and maternal well-being: Women of the 1950sGender & Society, 5
P. Moen, D. Dempster-McClain, R. Williams (1992)
Successful Aging: A Life-Course Perspective on Women's Multiple Roles and HealthAmerican Journal of Sociology, 97
M. Shure, G. Spivack (1982)
Interpersonal problem-solving in young children: A cognitive approach to preventionAmerican Journal of Community Psychology, 10
C. Ross, J. Mirowsky (1989)
Explaining the social patterns of depression: control and problem solving--or support and talking?Journal of health and social behavior, 30 2
C. Ross, M. Willigen (1997)
Education and the subjective quality of life.Journal of health and social behavior, 38 3
P. Pietromonaco, J. Manis, Katherine Frohardt-Lane (1986)
Psychological Consequences of Multiple Social RolesPsychology of Women Quarterly, 10
Melody Miller, P. Moen, D. Dempster-McClain (1991)
MOTHERHOOD, MULTIPLE ROLES, AND MATERNAL WELL-BEING:Gender & Society, 5
O. Brim, C. Ryff, R. Kessler (2004)
How healthy are we?: A national study of well-being at midlife.
N. Sachs-Ericsson, J. Ciarlo (2000)
Gender, Social Roles, and Mental Health: An Epidemiological PerspectiveSex Roles, 43
R. Barnett, J. Hyde (2001)
Women, men, work, and family.American Psychologist, 56
Kimberly Prenda, M. Lachman (2001)
Planning for the future: a life management strategy for increasing control and life satisfaction in adulthood.Psychology and aging, 16 2
Stephen Marks (1977)
MULTIPLE ROLES AND ROLE STRAIN: SOME NOTES ON HUMAN ENERGY, TIME AND COMMITMENTAmerican Sociological Review, 42
S. Kikuzawa (2006)
Multiple Roles and Mental Health in Cross-Cultural Perspective: The Elderly in the United States and Japan∗Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 47
Tina Norton, A. Gupta, M. Stephens, L. Martire, A. Townsend (2005)
Stress, Rewards, and Change in the Centrality of Women’s Family and Work Roles: Mastery as a MediatorSex Roles, 52
Jinkuk Hong, M. Seltzer (1995)
The psychological consequences of multiple roles: the nonnormative case.Journal of health and social behavior, 36 4
C. Ryff, Corey Keyes (1995)
The structure of psychological well-being revisited.Journal of personality and social psychology, 69 4
P. Thoits (1983)
Multiple identities and psychological well-being: a reformulation and test of the social isolation hypothesis.American sociological review, 48 2
S. Sieber (1974)
TOWARD A THEORY OF ROLE ACCUMULATIONAmerican Sociological Review, 39
Peggy Thoits (1982)
Life stress, social support, and psychological vulnerability: epidemiological considerations.Journal of community psychology, 10 4
L. Toothaker (1994)
Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting InteractionsJournal of the Operational Research Society, 45
L. Martire, M. Stephens, A. Townsend (2000)
Centrality of women's multiple roles: beneficial and detrimental consequences for psychological well-being.Psychology and aging, 15 1
Jennifer Ali, W. Avison (1997)
Employment transitions and psychological distress: the contrasting experiences of single and married mothers.Journal of health and social behavior, 38 4
P. Thoits (1986)
Multiple identities: Examining gender and marital status differences in distress.American Sociological Review, 51
P. Moen, D. Dempster-McClain, R. Williams (1989)
Social Integration and Longevity: An Event History Analysis of Women's Roles and ResilienceAmerican Sociological Review, 54
S. Watkins, J. Menken, J. Bongaarts (1987)
Demographic foundations of family change.American Sociological Review, 52
C. Ross, J. Mirowsky (1992)
Households, Employment, and the Sense of Control*Social Psychology Quarterly, 55
M. Hagger, S. Orbell (2003)
A Meta-Analytic Review of the Common-Sense Model of Illness RepresentationsPsychology & Health, 18
Research on multiple roles has supported the enhancement hypothesis, but it is unclear if benefits of multiple role involvement exist across all segments of the population. This study was designed to examine whether the role enhancement hypothesis suits both men and women with varied education levels. A further goal was to determine if perceived control moderates associations between multiple role involvement and well-being. This sample included 2,634 individuals from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey who occupied up to eight roles each. Psychological well-being was measured in six dimensions (autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance); positive and negative affect were also measured. Results of hierarchical regression analyses supported the role enhancement hypothesis, as greater role involvement was associated with greater well-being; however, the findings suggest that it was only well educated women with multiple roles who showed higher levels of autonomy. Perceived control was also found to moderate some of the obtained linkages.
Sex Roles – Springer Journals
Published: Dec 1, 2006
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.