Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Hydrogel ionotronics

Hydrogel ionotronics An ionotronic device functions by a hybrid circuit of mobile ions and mobile electrons. Hydrogels are stretchable, transparent, ionic conductors that can transmit electrical signals of high frequency over long distance, enabling ionotronic devices such as artificial muscles, skins and axons. Moreover, ionotronic luminescent devices, ionotronic liquid crystal devices, touchpads, triboelectric generators, artificial eels and gel–elastomer–oil devices can be designed based on hydrogels. In this Review, we discuss first-generation hydrogel ionotronic devices and the challenges associated with the mechanical properties and the chemistry of the materials. We examine how strong and stretchable adhesion between hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer networks can be achieved, how water can be retained in hydrogels and how to design hydrogels that resist fatigue under cyclic loads. Finally, we highlight applications of hydrogel ionotronic devices and discuss the future of the field. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Nature Reviews Materials Springer Journals

Hydrogel ionotronics

Yang, Canhui; Suo, Zhigang
Nature Reviews Materials , Volume 3 (6) – May 14, 2018
Download PDF
18 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/springer_journal/hydrogel-ionotronics-gPaBOwf55U
Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 by Macmillan Publishers Ltd., part of Springer Nature
Subject
Materials Science; Materials Science, general; Optical and Electronic Materials; Biomaterials; Nanotechnology; Condensed Matter Physics
eISSN
2058-8437
DOI
10.1038/s41578-018-0018-7
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

An ionotronic device functions by a hybrid circuit of mobile ions and mobile electrons. Hydrogels are stretchable, transparent, ionic conductors that can transmit electrical signals of high frequency over long distance, enabling ionotronic devices such as artificial muscles, skins and axons. Moreover, ionotronic luminescent devices, ionotronic liquid crystal devices, touchpads, triboelectric generators, artificial eels and gel–elastomer–oil devices can be designed based on hydrogels. In this Review, we discuss first-generation hydrogel ionotronic devices and the challenges associated with the mechanical properties and the chemistry of the materials. We examine how strong and stretchable adhesion between hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer networks can be achieved, how water can be retained in hydrogels and how to design hydrogels that resist fatigue under cyclic loads. Finally, we highlight applications of hydrogel ionotronic devices and discuss the future of the field.

Journal

Nature Reviews Materials – Springer Journals

Published: May 14, 2018

References

  • Materials and technologies for soft implantable neuroprostheses
    Lacour, SP; Courtine, G; Guck, J
  • The rise of plastic bioelectronics
    Someya, T; Bao, Z; Malliaras, GG
  • Nano-bioelectronics
    Zhang, A; Lieber, CM
  • Neural recording and modulation technologies
    Chen, R; Canales, A; Anikeeva, P
  • Tissue–electronics interfaces: from implantable devices to engineered tissues
    Feiner, R; Dvir, T
  • Soft materials in neuroengineering for hard problems in neuroscience
    Jeong, J-W
  • Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state electrolytes
    Manthiram, A; Yu, X; Wang, S
  • The renaissance of hydrides as energy materials
    Mohtadi, R; Orimo, S-i
  • Graphene for batteries, supercapacitors and beyond
    El-Kady, MF; Shao, Y; Kaner, RB
  • Conductive MOF electrodes for stable supercapacitors with high areal capacitance
    Sheberla, D
  • Evolution of the electrochemical interface in high-temperature fuel cells and electrolysers
    Irvine, JT
  • Material design and engineering of next-generation flow-battery technologies
    Park, M; Ryu, J; Wang, W; Cho, J
  • Ionic cable
    Yang, CH
  • Iontronics
    Chun, H; Chung, TD
  • Ionic hydration and activity in electrolyte solutions
    Stokes, RH; Robinson, RA
  • Living bioelectronics: strategies for developing an effective long-term implant with functional neural connections
    Goding, JA; Gilmour, AD; Aregueta-Robles, UA; Hasan, EA; Green, RA
  • Stretchable, transparent, ionic conductors
    Keplinger, C
  • Cyclic performance of viscoelastic dielectric elastomers with solid hydrogel electrodes
    Bai, Y
  • Stretchable and transparent hydrogels as soft conductors for dielectric elastomer actuators
    Chen, B
  • Fast-moving soft electronic fish
    Li, T
  • Electromechanical deformation of conical dielectric elastomer actuator with hydrogel electrodes
    Zhang, C
  • A novel dielectric elastomer actuator based on compliant polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel electrodes
    Xu, C; Li, B; Xu, C; Zheng, J
  • 3D printed unimorph dielectric elastomer actuators
    Haghiashtiani, G; Habtour, E; Park, S-H; Gardea, F; McAlpine, MC
  • Ionic skin
    Sun, JY; Keplinger, C; Whitesides, GM; Suo, Z
  • Bend, stretch, and touch: locating a finger on an actively deformed transparent sensor array
    Sarwar, MS
  • A bioinspired mineral hydrogel as a self-healable, mechanically adaptable ionic skin for highly sensitive pressure sensing
    Lei, Z; Wang, Q; Sun, S; Zhu, W; Wu, P
  • A multifunctional skin-like sensor based on a 3D printed thermo-responsive hydrogel
    Lei, Z; Wang, Q; Wu, P
  • A supramolecular biomimetic skin combining a wide spectrum of mechanical properties and multiple sensory capabilities
    Lei, Z; Wu, P
  • Electroluminescence of giant stretchability
    Yang, CH; Chen, B; Zhou, J; Chen, YM; Suo, Z
  • Highly stretchable electroluminescent skin for optical signaling and tactile sensing
    Larson, C
  • Organic liquid-crystal devices based on ionic conductors
    Yang, CH; Zhou, S; Shian, S; Clarke, DR; Suo, Z
  • Highly stretchable, transparent ionic touch panel
    Kim, C-C; Lee, H-H; Oh, KH; Sun, J-Y
  • Ultrastretchable, transparent triboelectric nanogenerator as electronic skin for biomechanical energy harvesting and tactile sensing
    Pu, X
  • Highly transparent, stretchable, and self-healing ionic-skin triboelectric nanogenerators for energy harvesting and touch applications
    Parida, K
  • Environmentally friendly hydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerators for versatile energy harvesting and self-powered sensors
    Xu, W
  • An electric-eel-inspired soft power source from stacked hydrogels
    Schroeder, TB
  • Hydraulically amplified self-healing electrostatic actuators with muscle-like performance
    Acome, E
  • Peano-HASEL actuators: muscle-mimetic, electrohydraulic transducers that linearly contract on activation
    Kellaris, N; Venkata, VG; Smith, GM; Mitchell, SK; Keplinger, C
  • Hydrophilic gels for biological use
    Wichterle, O; Lim, D
  • On the problem of contact lenses
    Wichterle, O; Lim, D; Dreifus, M
  • Comprehensive characterization of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels
    Dubrovskii, S; Afanas’ eva, M; Lagutina, M; Kazanskii, K
  • 25th Anniversary article: designer hydrogels for cell cultures: a materials selection guide
    Thiele, J; Ma, Y; Bruekers, S; Ma, S; Huck, WT
  • Hydrogels for tissue engineering
    Lee, KY; Mooney, DJ
  • Hydrogels for biomedical applications
    Hoffman, AS
  • Skin-inspired hydrogel–elastomer hybrids with robust interfaces and functional microstructures
    Yuk, H; Zhang, T; Parada, GA; Liu, X; Zhao, X
  • Instant tough bonding of hydrogels for soft machines and electronics
    Wirthl, D
  • Bonding dissimilar polymer networks in various manufacturing processes
    Liu, Q; Nian, G; Yang, C; Qu, S; Suo, Z
  • Transparent hydrogel with enhanced water retention capacity by introducing highly hydratable salt
    Bai, Y
  • Wearable and washable conductors for active textiles
    Floch, P
  • Fatigue fracture of hydrogels
    Tang, J; Li, J; Vlassak, JJ; Suo, Z
  • Fatigue fracture of tough hydrogels
    Bai, R
  • Fatigue of double-network hydrogels
    Zhang, W
  • Weak hydrogen bonding enables hard, strong, tough, and elastic hydrogels
    Hu, X; Vatankhah-Varnoosfaderani, M; Zhou, J; Li, Q; Sheiko, SS
  • A universal soaking strategy to convert composite hydrogels into extremely tough and rapidly recoverable double-network hydrogels
    Yang, Y; Wang, X; Yang, F; Shen, H; Wu, D
  • Extremely stretchable and fast self-healing hydrogels
    Jeon, I; Cui, J; Illeperuma, WR; Aizenberg, J; Vlassak, JJ
  • Lamellar bilayers as reversible sacrificial bonds to toughen hydrogel: hysteresis, self-recovery , fatigue resistance, and crack blunting
    Haque, MA; Kurokawa, T; Kamita, G; Gong, JP
  • Anisotropic hydrogel based on bilayers: color, strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance
    Haque, MA; Kurokawa, T; Gong, JP
  • Construction of an ultrahigh strength hydrogel with excellent fatigue resistance based on strong dipole–dipole interaction
    Bai, T
  • Tough and fatigue resistant biomimetic hydrogels of interlaced self-assembled conjugated polymer belts with a polyelectrolyte network
    Du, G
  • Molecularly engineered dual-crosslinked hydrogel with ultrahigh mechanical strength, toughness, and good self-recovery
    Lin, P; Ma, S; Wang, X; Zhou, F
  • Fatigue fracture of self-recovery hydrogels
    Bai, R; Yang, J; Morelle, XP; Yang, C; Suo, Z
  • Theoretical Neuroscience
    Dayan, P; Abbott, LF
  • High-speed electrically actuated elastomers with strain greater than 100%
    Pelrine, R; Kornbluh, R; Pei, Q; Joseph, J
  • Electrostriction of polymer dielectrics with compliant electrodes as a means of actuation
    Pelrine, RE; Kornbluh, RD; Joseph, JP
  • A review on dielectric elastomer actuators, technology , applications, and challenges
    O’Halloran, A; O’malley, F; McHugh, P
  • Multi-functional dielectric elastomer artificial muscles for soft and smart machines
    Anderson, IA; Gisby, TA; McKay, TG; O’Brien, BM; Calius, EP
  • Advances in dielectric elastomers for actuators and artificial muscles
    Brochu, P; Pei, Q
  • Theory of dielectric elastomers
    Suo, Z
  • Harnessing large deformation and instabilities of soft dielectrics: Theory , experiment, and application
    Zhao, X; Wang, Q
  • Printing low-voltage dielectric elastomer actuators
    Poulin, A; Rosset, S; Shea, HR
  • Multilayer dielectric elastomers for fast, programmable actuation without prestretch
    Duduta, M; Wood, RJ; Clarke, DR
  • Silicone elastomers with high dielectric permittivity and high dielectric breakdown strength based on dipolar copolymers
    Madsen, FB; Yu, L; Daugaard, AE; Hvilsted, S; Skov, AL
  • An all-organic composite actuator material with a high dielectric constant
    Zhang, Q
  • High breakdown field dielectric elastomer actuators using encapsulated polyaniline as high dielectric constant filler
    Molberg, M
  • The current state of silicone-based dielectric elastomer transducers
    Madsen, FB; Daugaard, AE; Hvilsted, S; Skov, AL
  • Polar elastomers as novel materials for electromechanical actuator applications
    Opris, DM
  • Bioinspired tunable lens with muscle-like electroactive elastomers
    Carpi, F; Frediani, G; Turco, S; Rossi, D
  • Flexible and stretchable electrodes for dielectric elastomer actuators
    Rosset, S; Shea, HR
  • Pattern formation in plastic liquid films on elastomers by ratcheting
    Huang, J; Yang, J; Jin, L; Clarke, DR; Suo, Z
  • Localized deformation in plastic liquids on elastomers
    Morelle, XP; Bai, R; Suo, Z
  • Recent advances in stretchable and transparent electronic materials
    McCoul, D; Hu, W; Gao, M; Mehta, V; Pei, Q
  • Electromechanical characterisation of dielectric elastomer planar actuators: comparative evaluation of different electrode materials and different counterloads
    Carpi, F; Chiarelli, P; Mazzoldi, A; Rossi, D
  • Voltage-induced buckling of dielectric films using fluid electrodes
    Tavakol, B; Holmes, DP
  • Fundamentals and applications
    Bard, AJ; Faulkner, LR
  • Organic electrochemical transistors
    Rivnay, J
  • 25th anniversary article: the evolution of electronic skin (e-skin): a brief history , design considerations, and recent progress
    Hammock, ML; Chortos, A; Tee, BCK; Tok, JBH; Bao, Z
  • 25th anniversary article: a soft future: from robots and sensor skin to energy harvesters
    Bauer, S
  • Wearable electronics: nanomesh on-skin electronics
    Rogers, JA
  • Flexible and stretchable electronics paving the way for soft robotics
    Lu, N; Kim, D-H
  • Elastomeric ionic hydrogel sensor for large strains
    Manandhar, P; Calvert, PD; Buck, JR
  • 3D printing of transparent and conductive heterogeneous hydrogel–elastomer systems
    Tian, K
  • Diffusion of ions in sea water and in deep-sea sediments
    Yuan-Hui, L; Gregory, S
  • Integrated soft sensors and elastomeric actuators for tactile machines with kinesthetic sense
    Robinson, SS
  • Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics
    Rogers, JA; Someya, T; Huang, Y
  • Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) serpentine ribbons on soft substrates stretched beyond 100%
    Yang, S; Ng, E; Lu, N
  • Efficient and flexible ITO-free organic solar cells using highly conductive polymer anodes
    Na, SI; Kim, SS; Jo, J; Kim, DY
  • Intrinsically stretchable and healable semiconducting polymer for organic transistors
    Oh, JY
  • Carbon nanotubes: present and future commercial applications
    Volder, MF; Tawfick, SH; Baughman, RH; Hart, AJ
  • Energy harvesting and storage in 1D devices
    Sun, H; Zhang, Y; Zhang, J; Sun, X; Peng, H
  • Elastomeric polymer light-emitting devices and displays
    Liang, J; Li, L; Niu, X; Yu, Z; Pei, Q
  • Flexible transparent conductive materials based on silver nanowire networks: a review
    Langley, D
  • Ultrathin silicon solar microcells for semitransparent, mechanically flexible and microconcentrator module designs
    Yoon, J
  • Material challenge for flexible organic devices
    Lewis, J
  • Tuning the range of polyacrylamide gel stiffness for mechanobiology applications
    Denisin, AK; Pruitt, BL
  • Toward controlling the formation, degradation behavior, and properties of hydrogels synthesized by Aza-Michael reactions
    Southan, A
  • Charged triazole cross-linkers for hyaluronan-based hybrid hydrogels
    Martini, M
  • Double-network hydrogels with extremely high mechanical strength
    Gong, JP; Katsuyama, Y; Kurokawa, T; Osada, Y
  • Highly stretchable and tough hydrogels
    Sun, J-Y
  • Dielectric properties of ZnS films
    Chopra, K
  • Study on A-C powder EL phosphor deterioration factors
    Hirabayashi, K; Kozawaguchi, H; Tsujiyama, B
  • Zn2GeO4: Mn alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent devices
    Bender, J; Wager, J; Kissick, J; Clark, B; Keszler, D
  • Robust moisture and thermally stable phosphor glass plate for highly unstable sulfide phosphors in high-power white light-emitting diodes
    Lee, JS
  • Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator
    Xu, Q; Schmidt, B; Pradhan, S; Lipson, M
  • Electrically switchable volume gratings in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals
    Sutherland, R; Tondiglia, V; Natarajan, L; Bunning, T; Adams, W
  • The electroquasistatics of the capacitive touch panel
    Krein, PT; Meadows, RD
  • An economical touch panel using SAW absorption
    Adler, R; Desmares, PJ
  • Comparative study of various touchscreen technologies
    Bhalla, MR; Bhalla, AV
  • A novel flexible capacitive touch pad based on graphene oxide film
    Tian, H
  • Electric eel-skin-inspired mechanically durable and super-stretchable nanogenerator for deformable power source and fully autonomous conformable electronic-skin applications
    Lai, YC
  • Stretchable and waterproof self-charging power system for harvesting energy from diverse deformation and powering wearable electronics
    Yi, F
  • Theoretical systems of triboelectric nanogenerators
    Niu, S; Wang, ZL
  • Electrophorus electricus as a model system for the study of membrane excitability
    Gotter, AL; Kaetzel, MA; Dedman, JR
  • Designing artificial cells to harness the biological ion concentration gradient
    Xu, J; Lavan, DA
  • Hydrostatically coupled dielectric elastomer actuators
    Carpi, F; Frediani, G; Rossi, D
  • Rupture of a highly stretchable acrylic dielectric elastomer
    Pharr, M; Sun, J-Y; Suo, Z
  • Flaw sensitivity of highly stretchable materials
    Chen, C; Wang, Z; Suo, Z
  • Why are double network hydrogels so tough?
    Gong, JP
  • A review on tough and sticky hydrogels
    Peak, CW; Wilker, JJ; Schmidt, G
  • Multi-scale multi-mechanism design of tough hydrogels: building dissipation into stretchy networks
    Zhao, X
  • Crack tip fields in soft elastic solids subjected to large quasi-static deformation — a review
    Long, R; Hui, C-Y
  • 50th anniversary perspective: networks and gels: soft but dynamic and tough
    Creton, C
  • Bioinspired fabrication of high strength hydrogels from non-covalent interactions
    Wang, W; Zhang, Y; Liu, W
  • Advances in engineering hydrogels
    Zhang, YS; Khademhosseini, A
  • Hydrogels in a historical perspective: from simple networks to smart materials
    Buwalda, SJ
  • The phenomena of flow and rupture in solids
    Griffith, A
  • The strength of highly elastic materials
    Lake, G; Thomas, A
  • Rupture propagation in hysteresial materials: stress at a notch
    Andrews, E
  • Perspective on the development of high-toughness ceramics
    Evans, AG
  • The relation between crack growth resistance and fracture process parameters in elastic-plastic solids
    Tvergaard, V; Hutchinson, JW
  • Remarks on crack-bridging concepts
    Bao, G; Suo, Z
  • Effects of rate on crack growth in a rubber-modified epoxy
    Du, J; Thouless, M; Yee, A
  • Toughening elastomers with sacrificial bonds and watching them break
    Ducrot, E; Chen, Y; Bulters, M; Sijbesma, RP; Creton, C
  • Adhesion between highly stretchable materials
    Tang, J; Li, J; Vlassak, JJ; Suo, Z
  • Tough bonding of hydrogels to diverse non-porous surfaces
    Yuk, H; Zhang, T; Lin, S; Parada, GA; Zhao, X
  • Tough adhesives for diverse wet surfaces
    Li, J
  • Surface modification of Sylgard-184 poly (dimethyl siloxane) networks by ultraviolet and ultraviolet/ozone treatment
    Efimenko, K; Wallace, WE; Genzer, J
  • Plasma treatment of polymers for surface and adhesion improvement
    Hegemann, D; Brunner, H; Oehr, C
  • Hydrophilization and hydrophobic recovery of PDMS by oxygen plasma and chemical treatment — an SEM investigation
    Bodas, D; Khan-Malek, C
  • Direct-write assembly of 3D hydrogel scaffolds for guided cell growth
    Barry, RA
  • The spreading of macroscopic droplets
    Levinson, P; Cazabat, A; Stuart, MC; Heslot, F; Nicolet, S
  • Transfer printing of metallic microstructures on adhesion-promoting hydrogel substrates
    Wu, H
  • Infrared spectrum of α-cyanoacrylate adhesive in the first monolayer on a bulk aluminum surface
    Kusaka, I; Suëtaka, W
  • Benzophenone absorption and diffusion in poly (dimethylsiloxane) and its role in graft photo-polymerization for surface modification
    Schneider, MH; Tran, Y; Tabeling, P
  • Covalent micropatterning of poly (dimethylsiloxane) by photografting through a mask
    Wang, Y
  • Formation of composite polyacrylamide and silicone substrates for independent control of stiffness and strain
    Simmons, CS; Ribeiro, AJ; Pruitt, BL
  • Nanoparticle solutions as adhesives for gels and biological tissues
    Rose, S
  • Humidity control in the laboratory using salt solutions — a review
    Young, JF
  • Ionotactile stimulation: nonvolatile ionic gels for human–machine interfaces
    Root, SE
  • Highly stretchable and transparent ionogels as nonvolatile conductors for dielectric elastomer transducers
    Chen, B
  • Ionogels, ionic liquid based hybrid materials
    Bideau, J; Viau, L; Vioux, A
  • Mechanisms of fatigue-crack propagation in ductile and brittle solids
    Ritchie, RO
  • Stiff, strong, and tough hydrogels with good chemical stability
    Li, J; Suo, Z; Vlassak, JJ
  • Physical hydrogels composed of polyampholytes demonstrate high toughness and viscoelasticity
    Sun, TL
  • Stretchable hydrogel electronics and devices
    Lin, S
  • Stable Li-ion battery anodes by in-situ polymerization of conducting hydrogel to conformally coat silicon nanoparticles
    Wu, H
  • Electroconductive hydrogels: synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications
    Guiseppi-Elie, A
  • Conductive hydrogels with tailored bioactivity for implantable electrode coatings
    Cheong, GM
  • Mechanical and electrical numerical analysis of soft liquid-embedded deformation sensors analysis
    Overvelde, JT
  • 3D printing of highly stretchable and tough hydrogels into complex, cellularized structures
    Hong, S
  • Capacitive soft strain sensors via multicore–shell fiber printing
    Frutiger, A
  • Highly conductive, air-stable silver nanowire@iongel composite films toward flexible transparent electrodes
    Xiong, W
  • Air-stable, high-performance, flexible microsupercapacitor with patterned ionogel electrolyte
    Kim, D; Lee, G; Kim, D; Ha, JS
  • Flexible highly sensitive pressure sensor based on ionic liquid gel film
    Zhang, S; Wang, F; Peng, H; Yan, J; Pan, G
  • Inorganic/organic double-network gels containing ionic liquids
    Kamio, E; Yasui, T; Iida, Y; Gong, JP; Matsuyama, H