ISSN 1022-7954, Russian Journal of Genetics, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 8, pp. 928–935. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006.
Original Russian Text © R.I. Ludanny, G.G. Chrisanfova, V.A. Vasilyev, V.K. Prizenko, A.K. Bogeruk, A. P. Ryskov, S.K. Semyenova, 2006, published in Genetika, 2006, Vol. 42,
No. 8, pp. 1121–1129.
928
INTRODUCTION
Common Carp
Cyprinus carpio
(family Cyprinidae)
is one of the most popular pond fish hatching objects in
many countries. It was independently obtained in
Europe and Asia as a result of centuries-old domestica-
tion of its ancestor, wild common carp. In modern
aquaculture, common carp is represented by a great
number of breeds and forms, differing in size, weight,
coloration, and scales. It is thought that this species
appeared in Southeast Asia during the Miocene. The
contemporary species range on the territory of Russia is
subdivided into European (Ponto-Caspian) and Far
Eastern (Dauro-Sinenskii) parts, each of which is rep-
resented by individual subspecies. Domesticated forms
were bred on the basis of the European (Danube) wild
common carp (
Cyprinus carpio carpio
Linnaeus, 1758)
and Far Eastern Amur wild common carp (
Cyprinus
carpio haematopterus
Temminck et Schlegel, 1846). It is
suggested that Indochina and Indonesia common carps
were derived from local wild common carps [1–3].
In recent decades, common carp selection was
aimed at developing high-productive breeds, as well as
breeds resistant to different diseases and acclimatized
to new habitats. Twelve most used Russian common
carp breeds are remarkably different in morphobiolog-
ical characteristics. Generally, they were bred on the
basis of European common carp breeds from the west-
ern part of the range and Amur wild common carp [4].
In this way, Ropsha [5–7] and Cherepets common carp
[8] breeds were generated. In some regions, the breeds
were developed using spawners of local, feral common
carp. For instance, Stavropol common carp was bred on
the basis of the local population by crossing with Hun-
garian (Tatai) common carp [9]. Small admixture of
local Kursk common carp is present in one of the
strains of Ropsha common carp [6, 7], while the admix-
ture of Kuban’ wild common carp is present in Ange-
linskii common carps [10]. In addition to traditional
crosses, new breeds were generated using step wise
acclimation. For instance, during the breeding of Altai
common carp, European Galician common carp was
first acclimatized in the middle part of Russia, and then
in the Ural and Siberia [11].
Until recently, the studies of genetic differentiation
of Russian common carps were carried out using a lim-
ited number of breeds and genetic biochemical mark-
ers. The highest variation level was observed in the Far
Eastern wild common carp, characterized by the large
number of alleles for many polymorphic proteins. Rop-
sha common carp, carrying a combination of the Amur
wild common carp and European common carp
genomes, was also found to be variable. At the same
Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Russian Common Carp
(
Cyprinus carpio
L.) Breeds Inferred from RAPD Markers
R. I. Ludanny
a
, G. G. Chrisanfova
a
, V. A. Vasilyev
a
, V. K. Prizenko
b
,
A. K. Bogeruk
b
, A. P. Ryskov
a
, and S. K. Semyenova
a
a
Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334 Russia;
fax: (495)135-41-05; e-mail: seraphimas@mail.ru
b
Aquatechnopark, Moscow, 103001 Russia
Received April 3, 2006
Abstract
—Polymorphic components of the common carp
Cyprinus carpio
L. genome were examined by
means of polymerase chain reaction with random primers (RAPD–PCR). Using four primers, genetic diversity
estimates were obtained for 12 populations and seven strains of Russian common carp breeds, as well as for
European Hungarian common carp and Amur wild common carp (
N
= 87). The highest number of polymorphic
loci was revealed in Angelinskii common carp, as well as in the samples of Altai common carp and Amur wild
common carp (
P
= 23.8–18.7%), while the lowest number (12.8%) of polymorphic loci was in the BB strain of
Ropsha common carp. The index of genetic diversity,
H
, was high (11%) in Amur wild common carp, as well
as in Altai and Angelinskii common carps. In the remaining breeds, the value of this index varied from 4 to 8%.
Based on summarized RAPD profile (132 bands), a dendrogram of genetic differences was constructed. In this
dendrogram, all breeds examined grouped into two clusters. One of the clusters was formed by Hungarian and
Angelinskii common carps, and the three samples of Altai common carp. The second cluster was formed by the
group consisting of the representatives of Cherepetskskii, Stavropol, and Ropsha common carps, along with the
differing from them Amur wild common carp. The observed differentiation was confirmed by the analysis of
the polymorphic markers variance by the method of principle components. Evolutionary history and the reasons
for genetic differentiation of Russian common carp breeds are discussed.
DOI:
10.1134/S1022795406080126
ANIMAL
GENETICS
@Phil_Robichaud
@deepthiw
@JoseServera