Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
E Gout, R Blignyp, N Pascal, R Doucel (1993)
13C Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of malate and citrate synthesis and compartmentation in higher plant cellsJ Biol Chem, 268
H Fahnenstich, M Saigo, M Niessen, MF Drincovich, MI Zanor, A Fernie, CS Andreo, UI Flügge, VG Maurino (2007)
Low levels of malate and fumarate cause accelerated senescence during extended darkness in Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing maize C4 NADP-malic enzymePlant Physiol, 145
MC Gerrard Wheeler, CL Arias, MA Tronconi, VG Maurino, CS Andreo, MF Drincovich (2008)
Arabidopsis thaliana NADP-malic enzyme isoforms: high degree of identity but clearly distinct propertiesPlant Mol Biol, 67
JY Hsieh, YH Chiang, KY Chang, HC Hung (2009)
Functional role of fumarate site Glu59 involved in allosteric regulation and subunit–subunit interaction of human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzymeFEBS J, 276
AR Fernie, E Martinoia (2009)
Malate. Jack of all trades or master of a few?Phytochemistry, 70
Z Yang, CW Lanks, L Tong (2002)
Molecular mechanism for the regulation of human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme by ATP and fumarateStructure, 10
RM Dawson, DC Elliott, WH Elliott, KM Jones (1986)
Data for biochemical research
LM Voll, MB Zell, T Engelsdorf, A Saur, MC Gerrard Wheeler, MF Drincovich, APM Weber, VG Maurino (2012)
Loss of cytosolic NADP-malic enzyme 2 in Arabidopsis is associated with enhanced susceptibility towards Colletotrichum higginsianumNew Phytol, 195
WL Araújo, A Nunes-Nesi, AR Fernie (2011)
Fumarate: multiple functions of a simple metabolitePhytochemistry, 72
DW Chia, TJ Yoder, WD Reiter, SI Gibson (2000)
Fumaric acid: an overlooked form of fixed carbon in Arabidopsis and other plant speciesPlanta, 211
HH Felle (2001)
pH: signal and messenger in plant cellsPlant Biol, 3
NJ Brown, BG Palmer, S Stanley, H Hajaji, SH Janacek, HM Astley, K Parsley, K Kajala, WP Quick, S Trenkamp, AR Fernie, VG Maurino, JM Hibberd (2010)
C4 acid decarboxylases required for C4 photosynthesis are active in the mid-vein of the C3 species Arabidopsis thaliana, and are important in sugar and amino acid metabolismPlant J, 61
MA Hurth, SJ Suh, T Kretzschmar, T Geis, M Bregante, F Gambale, E Martinoia, HE Neuhaus (2005)
Impaired pH homeostasis in Arabidopsis lacking the vacuolar dicarboxylate transporter and analysis of carboxylic acid transport across the tonoplastPlant Physiol, 137
HC Hung, MW Kuo, GG Chang, GY Liu (2005)
Characterization of the functional role of allosteric site residue Asp102 in the regulatory mechanism of human mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malate dehydrogenase (malic enzyme)Biochem J, 392
MB Zell, H Fahnenstich, A Maier, M Saigo, EV Voznesenskaya, GE Edwards, CS Andreo, F Schleifenbaum, C Zell, MF Drincovich, VG Maurino (2010)
Analysis of A. thaliana with highly reduced levels of malate and fumarate sheds light on the role of these organic acids as storage carbon moleculesPlant Physiol, 152
E Detarsio, MC Gerrard Wheeler, VA Campos Bermúdez, CS Andreo, MF Drincovich (2003)
Maize C4 NADP-malic enzyme. Expression in Escherichia coli and characterization of site-direct mutants at the putative nucleotide-binding sitesJ Biol Chem, 278
Y Okazaki, M Tazawa, N Iwasaki (1994)
Light-induced changes in cytosolic pH in leaf cells of Egeria densa: measurements with pH-sensitive microelectrodesPlant Cell Physiol, 35
F Famiani, RP Walker, L Tecsi, ZH Chen, P Proietti, RC Leegood (2000)
An immunohistochemical study of the compartmentation of metabolism during the development of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) berriesJ Exp Bot, 51
WE Karsten, JE Pais, GSJ Rao, BG Harris, PF Cook (2003)
Ascaris summ NAD-malic enzyme is activated by malate and fumarate binding to separate allosteric sitesBiochemistry, 42
VG Maurino, MC Gerrard Wheeler, CS Andreo, MF Drincovich (2009)
Redundancy is sometimes seen only by the uncritical: does Arabidopsis need six malic enzyme isoforms?Plant Sci, 176
LB Lai, SL Tausta, TM Nelson (2002)
Differential regulation of transcripts encoding cytosolic NADP-malic enzyme in C3 and C4 Flaveria speciesPlant Physiol, 128
MC Gerrard Wheeler, CL Arias, VG Maurino, CS Andreo, MF Drincovich (2009)
Identification of domains involved in the allosteric regulation of cytosolic Arabidopsis thaliana NADP-malic enzymesFEBS J, 276
F Rienmüller, I Dreyer, G Schönknecht, A Schulz, K Schumacher, R Nagy, E Martinoia, I Marten, R Hedrich (2012)
Luminal and cytosolic pH feedback on proton pump activity and ATP affinity of the V-type ATPase from ArabidopsisJ Biol Chem, 287
D Parker, M Beckmann, H Zubair, DP Enot, Z Caracuel-Rios, DP Overy, S Snowdon, NJ Talbot, J Draper (2009)
Metabolomic analysis reveals a common pattern of metabolic re-programming during invasion of three host plant species by Magnaporthe griseaPlant J, 59
MM Laporte, B Shen, MC Tarczynnsky (2002)
Engineering for drought avoidance: expression of maize NADP-malic enzyme in tobacco results in altered stomatal functionJ Exp Bot, 59
S Liu, Y Cheng, X Zhang, Q Guan, S Nishiuchi, K Hase, T Takano (2007)
Expression of an NADP-malic enzyme gene in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is induced by environmental stresses; over-expression of the gene in Arabidopsis confer salt and osmotic stress tolerancePlant Mol Biol, 64
HL Shearer, DH Turpin, DT Dennos (2004)
Characterization of NADP-dependent malic enzyme from developing castor oil seed endospermArch Biochem Biophys, 429
MF Drincovich, MV Lara, VG Maurino, CS Andreo (2010)
C4 decarboxylases. Different solutions for the same biochemical problem, the provision of CO2 in the bundle sheath cells. C4 photosynthesis and related CO2 concentrating mechanisms
MC Gerrard Wheeler, MA Tronconi, MF Drincovich, CS Andreo, UI Flügge, VG Maurino (2005)
A comprehensive analysis of the NADP-malic enzyme gene family of Arabidopsis thalianaPlant Physiol, 139
J Kilian, D Whitehead, J Horak, D Wanke, S Weinl, O Batistic, C D’Angelo, E Bornberg-Bauer, J Kudla, K Harter (2007)
The AtGenExpress global stress expression data set: protocols, evaluation and model data analysis of UV-B light, drought and cold stress responsesPlant J, 50
MA Tronconi, VG Maurino, CS Andreo, MF Drincovich (2010)
Three different and tissue-specific NAD-malic enzyme generated by alternative subunit association in Arabidopsis thalianaJ Biol Chem, 285
MA Tronconi, H Fahnenstich, MC Gerrard Wheeler, CS Andreo, UI Flügge, MF Drincovich, VG Maurino (2008)
Arabidopsis NAD-malic enzyme functions as a homodimer and heterodimer and has a major impact during nocturnal metabolismPlant Physiol, 146
GG Chang, L Tong (2003)
Structure and function of malic enzymes, a new class of oxidative decarboxylasesBiochemistry, 42
AS Jump, R Marchant, J Peñuelas (2009)
Environmental change and the option value of genetic diversityTrends Plant Sci, 14
UK Laemmli (1970)
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4Nature, 227
I Pracharoenwattana, WX Zhou, O Keech, PB Francisco, T Udomchalothorn, H Tschoep, M Stitt, Y Gibon, SM Smith (2010)
Arabidopsis has a cytosolic fumarase required for the massive allocation of photosynthate into fumaric acid and for rapid plant growth on high nitrogenPlant J, 62
RA Laskowski, F Gerick, JM Thornton (2009)
The structural basis of allosteric regulation in proteinsFEBS Lett, 583
DV Roverts (1975)
Enzyme kinetics
Arabidopsis thaliana is a plant species that accumulates high levels of organic acids and uses them as carbon, energy and reducing power sources. Among the enzymes that metabolize these compounds, one of the most important ones is malic enzyme (ME). A. thaliana contains four malic enzymes (NADP-ME 1–4) to catalyze the reversible oxidative decarboxylation of malate in the presence of NADP. NADP-ME2 is the only one located in the cell cytosol of all Arabidopsis organs providing most of the total NADP-ME activity. In the present work, the regulation of this key enzyme by fumarate was investigated by kinetic assays, structural analysis and a site-directed mutagenesis approach. The final effect of this metabolite on NADP-ME2 forward activity not only depends on fumarate and substrate concentrations but also on the pH of the reaction medium. Fumarate produced an increase in NADP-ME2 activity by binding to an allosteric site. However at higher concentrations, fumarate caused a competitive inhibition, excluding the substrate malate from binding to the active site. The characterization of ME2-R115A mutant, which is not activated by fumarate, confirms this hypothesis. In addition, the reverse reaction (reductive carboxylation of pyruvate) is also modulated by fumarate, but in a different way. The results indicate pH-dependence of the fumarate modulation with opposite behavior on the two activities analyzed. Thereby, the coordinated action of fumarate over the direct and reverse reactions would allow a precise and specific modulation of the metabolic flux through this enzyme, leading to the synthesis or degradation of C4 compounds under certain conditions. Thus, the physiological context might be exerting an accurate control of ME activity in planta, through changes in metabolite and substrate concentrations and cytosolic pH.
Plant Molecular Biology – Springer Journals
Published: Dec 16, 2012
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.