Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
P. Karanis, D. Schoenen, H. Seitz (1998)
Distribution and removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water supplies in GermanyWater Science and Technology, 37
J. Rennecker, B. Mariñas, J. Owens, E. Rice (1999)
Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with ozoneWater Research, 33
G. Toenniessen, J. Johnson (1970)
Heat shocked Bacillus subtilis spores as an indicator of virus disinfection.Journal American Water Works Association, 62
P. Wallis, S. Erlandsen, J. Isaac-Renton, M. Olson, W. Robertson, H., Van, Keulen (1996)
Prevalence of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts and characterization of Giardia spp. isolated from drinking water in CanadaApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 62
R. Rendtorff (1954)
The experimental transmission of human intestinal protozoan parasites. II. Giardia lamblia cysts given in capsules.American journal of hygiene, 59 2
P. Payment, A. Berte, C. Fleury (1997)
Sources of variation in isolation rate of Giardia lamblia cysts and their homogeneous distribution in river water entering a water treatment plant.Canadian journal of microbiology, 43 7
P. Payment, A. Berte, M. Prévost, Bruno Ménard, B. Barbeau (2000)
Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in the Saint Lawrence River (Canada) and comparison of health risks for populations using it as their source of drinking water.Canadian journal of microbiology, 46 6
C. Haas, J. Rose (1995)
Developing an action level for CryptosporidiumJournal American Water Works Association, 87
P. Gale (1998)
Simulating Cryptosporidium exposures in drinking water during an outbreakWater Science and Technology, 38
A. Roseberry, D. Burmaster (1992)
Lognormal distributions for water intake by children and adults.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis, 12 1
C.N. Haas, J.B. Rose (1995)
Developing an action level for CryptosporidiumJourn of the AmWat Works Ass, 87
C. Chiou, M. Torres-Lugo, B.J. Marinas, J.Q. Adams (1997)
Nonbiological surrogate indicators for assessing ozone disinfectionJ Am Wks Assoc, 89
J. Isaac-Renton, Doug Fogel, H. Stibbs, J. Ongerth (1987)
GIARDIA AND CRYPTOSPORIDIUM IN DRINKING WATERThe Lancet, 329
B. Barbeau, L. Boulos, R. Desjardins, J. Coallier, M. Prévost (1999)
Examining the use of aerobic spore-forming bacteria to assess the efficiency of chlorinationWater Research, 33
B. Barbeau, L. Boulos, R. Desjardins, J. Coallier, M. Prévost, D. Duchesne (1997)
A modified method for the enumeration of aerobic spore-forming bacteriaCanadian Journal of Microbiology, 43
M. Stephens (1974)
EDF Statistics for Goodness of Fit and Some ComparisonsJournal of the American Statistical Association, 69
M. LeChevallier, Ramon Lee (1991)
Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water suppliesApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 57
C.N. Haas, C.S. Crockett, J.B. Rose, C.P. Gerba, A.M. Fazil (1996)
Assessing the risk posed by (oo)cysts in drinking waterJ Am Wks Assoc, 88
J. Rose, Charles Haas, S. Regli (1991)
Risk assessment and control of waterborne giardiasis.American journal of public health, 81 6
P. Payment, E. Franco (1993)
Clostridium perfringens and somatic coliphages as indicators of the efficiency of drinking water treatment for viruses and protozoan cystsApplied and Environmental Microbiology, 59
E. Rice, K. Fox, R. Miltner, D. Lytle, C. Johnson (1996)
Evaluating plant performance with endosporesJournal American Water Works Association, 88
E. Castillo (1988)
Extreme value theory in engineering
Nathalie Facile, B. Barbeau, M. Prévost, B. Koudjonou (2000)
Evaluating bacterial aerobic spores as a surrogate for Giardia and Cryptosporidium inactivation by ozone.Water Research, 34
P. Payment, J. Siemiatycki, L. Richardson, G. Renaud, E. Franco, M. Prévost (1997)
A prospective epidemiological study of gastrointestinal health effects due to the consumption of drinking waterInternational Journal of Environmental Health Research, 7
C. Haas, J. Rose, C. Gerba (1999)
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment
H. Dupont, H. Dupont, C. Chappell, C. Sterling, P. Okhuysen, J. Rose, W. Jakubowski (1995)
The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers.The New England journal of medicine, 332 13
P. Teunis, G. Medema, L. Kruidenier, A. Havelaar (1997)
Assessment of the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium or Giardia in drinking water from a surface water sourceWater Research, 31
G.R. Finch, E.K. Black, L. GyuÈ reck, M. Belosevic (1994)
American Water Works Association Research Foundation
J. Isaac-Renton, John Blatherwick, William Bowie, Murray Fyfe, Mohamad Khan, LI Anna, Arlene King, Mark McLEAN, Lorna Medd, W. Moorehead, Corinne Ong, W. Robertson (1999)
Epidemic and endemic seroprevalence of antibodies to Cryptosporidium and Giardia in residents of three communities with different drinking water supplies.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 60 4
P. Okhuysen, C. Chappell, C. Sterling, W. Jakubowski, H. Dupont (1998)
Susceptibility and Serologic Response of Healthy Adults to Reinfection with Cryptosporidium parvumInfection and Immunity, 66
C. Haas, C. Crockett, J. Rose, C. Gerba, A. Fazil (1996)
Assessing the risk posed by oocysts in drinking waterJournal American Water Works Association, 88
J. Rose, C. Gerba, W. Jakubowski (1991)
Survey of potable water supplies for Cryptosporidium and GiardiaEnvironmental Science & Technology, 25
Chung-Fan Chiou, M. Torres-Lugo, B. Mariñas, Jeffrey Adams (1997)
Nonbiological surrogate indicators for assessing ozone disinfectionJournal ‐ American Water Works Association, 89
(1998)
Transport and the Regions Preventing Cryptosporidium from getting into drinking water supplies
S. Regli, Rosemarie Odom, J. Cromwell, Mike Lustic, Valerie Blank (1999)
Benefits and costs of the IESWTRJournal ‐ American Water Works Association, 91
Monte-Carlo simulations were performed in order to quantify the microbiological risk arising from the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in drinking water. A two-year survey of 45 utilities located on a portion of the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada) allowed us to collect the information required for this assessment: parasite occurrence data, treatment performances and daily unboiled water consumption. For a conventional treatment, the mean annual risk of infection with Cryptosporidium was found to be approximately eight times higher than with Giardia. The Monte-Carlo simulations confirm that the clarification process plays an important role in the reduction of the health risk associated with protozoan parasites. In fact, in the case of Cryptosporidium, the impact of chemical disinfectants (O3 or Cl2) appears to be minimal in the cold water treatment conditions prevailing in Quebec. According to the Monte-Carlo simulations, 45% (for conventional treatment+O3) and 51% (for conventional treatment) of individuals are exposed to a risk of infection with Cryptosporidium higher than the proposed USEPA guideline (1 infection per 10[emsp4 ]000 individuals per year).
Quantitative Microbiology – Springer Journals
Published: Oct 8, 2004
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.