Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
Diana Hechavarría, S. Terjesen, A. Ingram, Maija Renko, Rachida Justo, A. Elam (2017)
Taking care of business: the impact of culture and gender on entrepreneurs’ blended value creation goalsSmall Business Economics, 48
David Evans, Boyan Jovanovic (1989)
An Estimated Model of Entrepreneurial Choice under Liquidity ConstraintsJournal of Political Economy, 97
J. Growiec, F. Pammolli, M. Riccaboni, H. Stanley (2008)
On the Size Distribution of Business FirmsIO: Empirical Studies of Firms & Markets
J. Heckman (1979)
Sample selection bias as a specification errorApplied Econometrics, 31
F. Knight (2009)
The economic nature of the firm: From Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit
Sector 2: Mining, manufacturing, energy and water supply
T Åstebro, P Braunerhjelm, A Broström (2013)
The returns to academic entrepreneurshipIndustrial and Corporate Change, 22
Christoph Kneiding, A. Kritikos (2011)
Funding Self-Employment: The Role of Consumer CreditIZA Institute of Labor Economics Discussion Paper Series
A Hyytinen, P Ilmakunnas, O Toivanen (2013)
The return-to-entrepreneurship puzzleLabour Economics, 20
Raimar Richers (1961)
The theory of economic developmentRae-revista De Administracao De Empresas, 1
G. Wagner, J. Frick, J. Schupp (2007)
The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) - Scope, Evolution and EnhancementsJournal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch
M. Praag, Arjen Witteloostuijn, J. Sluis (2006)
The higher returns to formal education for entrepreneurs versus employeesSmall Business Economics, 40
Yvonne Schindele, A. Weyh (2011)
The direct employment effects of new businesses in Germany revisited: an empirical investigation for 1976–2004Small Business Economics, 36
Marco Caliendo, Frank Fossen, A. Kritikos (2011)
Personality characteristics and the decisions to become and stay self-employedSmall Business Economics, 42
Antonio Bernardo, I. Welch (2001)
On the Evolution of Overconfidence and EntrepreneursInternational Center for Finance at Yale School of Management
(2016)
Smart and illicit : who becomes an entrepreneur and does it pay ?
Magnus Henrekson, Tino Sanandaji (2014)
Small business activity does not measure entrepreneurshipProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111
Ari Hyytinen, P. Ilmakunnas, O. Toivanen (2011)
The Return-to-Entrepreneurship PuzzleEntrepreneurship & Economics eJournal
Rafael Porta (2011)
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES HUMAN CAPITAL AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
T Åstebro (2013)
281Industrial and Corporate Change, 22
Joachim Merz (2006)
Hohe und niedrige Einkommen - Neue Ergebnisse zu Freien und anderen Berufen mit den Mikrodaten der EinkommensteuerstatistikERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)
Die 500 reichsten Deutschen
S. Shane (2009)
Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is bad public policySmall Business Economics, 33
Jeffrey Woodbridge (2002)
Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data
P. Koellinger, M. Minniti, C. Schade (2007)
"I Think I Can, I Think I Can": Overconfidence and Entrepreneurial BehaviorJournal of Economic Psychology, 28
J. Holland (1984)
Making vocational choices : a theory of vocational personalities and work environments
T Åstebro (2011)
1999Management Science, 57
AE Bernardo, I Welch (2001)
On the evolution of overconfidence and entrepreneursJournal of Economics & Management Strategy, 10
(2004)
Self-employment: more may not be better
José Millán, J. Hessels, R. Thurik, Rafael Aguado (2013)
Determinants of job satisfaction: a European comparison of self-employed and paid employeesSmall Business Economics, 40
B. Hamilton (2000)
Does Entrepreneurship Pay? An Empirical Analysis of the Returns to Self‐EmploymentJournal of Political Economy, 108
David Evans, Linda Leighton (1989)
Some Empirical Aspects of EntrepreneurshipThe American Economic Review, 79
SC Parker (1999)
The inequality of employment and self-employment incomes: a decomposition analysis for the U.KReview of Income and Wealth, 45
Frank Fossen, Tobias Büttner (2012)
The Returns to Education for Opportunity Entrepreneurs, Necessity Entrepreneurs, and Paid EmployeesEconometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health
Bruno Frey, Matthias Benz (2003)
Being Independent is a Great Thing: Subjective Evaluations of Self-Employment and HierarchyOrganizations & Markets eJournal
MF Fossen, TJM Büttner (2013)
The returns to education for opportunity entrepreneurs, necessity entrepreneurs, and paid employeesEconomics of Education Review, 37
Jörn-Steffen Pischke (2003)
The Impact of Length of the School Year on Student Performance and Earnings: Evidence from the German Short School YearsLabor: Human Capital
T. Åstebro, J. Chen (2014)
The entrepreneurial earnings puzzle: Mismeasurement or real?Journal of Business Venturing, 29
Johannes Martin (2012)
The Impact on Earnings When Entering Self-Employment – Evidence for GermanyPRN: Distributive & Economic Justice
Mark Taylor (2009)
EARNINGS, INDEPENDENCE OR UNEMPLOYMENT: WHY BECOME SELF‐EMPLOYED?Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 58
Jrn-Steffen Pischke, Till Wachter (2005)
Zero Returns to Compulsory Schooling in Germany: Evidence and InterpretationThe Review of Economics and Statistics, 90
Eric Bartlesman, J. Haltiwanger, S. Scarpetta (2009)
Producer Dynamics: New Evidence from Micro Data: Measuring and Analyzing Cross-country Differences in Firm Dynamics
References Do entrepreneurs really earn less
M. Fritsch, Alexander Kritikos, Alina Sorgner (2015)
Why did self-employment increase so strongly in Germany?Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 27
Marco Caliendo, A. Kritikos (2007)
Start-Ups by the Unemployed: Characteristics, Survival and Direct Employment Effects
Gustavo Manso (2015)
Experimentation and the Returns to EntrepreneurshipERPN: Other Individuals (Sub-Topic)
RW Fairlie, AM Robb (2009)
Gender differences in business performance: evidence from the characteristics of business owners surveySmall Business Economics, 33
PhD Hibbert, RN Lannigan, RN Raven, M. Landau, MD Phelan (1995)
Gender differences in lung growthPediatric Pulmonology, 19
S. Parker (1999)
The Inequality of Employment and Self-Employment Incomes:
T Åstebro, J Chen, P Thompson (2011)
Stars and misfits; self-employment and labor market frictionsManagement Science, 57
Sector 7: Renting, business and social services
C Kneiding, AS Kritikos (2013)
Funding self-employment—the role of consumer creditApplied Economics, 45
B. Hamilton, Nicholas Papageorge, Nidhi Pande (2014)
The Right Stuff? Personality and EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship & Economics eJournal
L. Uhlaner, R. Thurik (2006)
Postmaterialism influencing total entrepreneurial activity across nationsJournal of Evolutionary Economics, 17
N Gennaioli, R La Porta, F Lopez-de-Silanes, A Shleifer (2013)
Human capital and regional developmentQuarterly Journal of Economics, 128
W. Smolny, M. Kirbach (2011)
Wage differentials between East and West Germany: are they related to the location or to the people?Applied Economics Letters, 18
(1979)
A general equilibrium theory of firm formation based on risk aversion
T. Holmes, James Schmitz (1990)
A Theory of Entrepreneurship and Its Application to the Study of Business TransfersJournal of Political Economy, 98
FH Knight (1921)
Risk, uncertainty and profit
T. Åstebro, Jing Chen, P. Thompson (2008)
Stars and Misfits: Self-Employment and Labor Market FrictionsEntrepreneurship & the Social Sciences eJournal
Based on large representative German household survey data, we compare incomes of the self-employed with those of paid employees. We find that the entrepreneurial income gap is largest for those holding a tertiary degree, but in two directions: positive for employers (self-employed with further employees) and negative for solo entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs holding a tertiary degree also face the greatest income variation. However, some solo self-employed earn more than their employed counterparts, in particular those with a university entrance degree as the highest level of education.
Small Business Economics – Springer Journals
Published: May 26, 2017
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.