Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
B. Mailhot, P. Bussière, A. Rivaton, S. Morlat-Therias, J. Gardette (2004)
Depth Profiling by AFM Nanoindentations and Micro-FTIR Spectroscopy for the Study of Polymer AgeingMacromolecular Rapid Communications, 25
S. Kamaruddin, A. Muhr, P. Davies, P. Gac, Y. Marco, V. Saux (2013)
Modelling Naturally Aged NR Mouldings
L. McKeen (2012)
Introduction to Permeation of Plastics and Elastomers
M. Celina, G. George, D. Lacey, N. Billingham (1995)
Chemiluminescence imaging of the oxidation of polypropylenePolymer Degradation and Stability, 47
V Fernandes, D Focatiis (2015)
Constitutive Models for Rubbers: Proceedings of the 9th European conference on constitutive models for rubber (ECCMR)
K. Gillen, R. Clough (1992)
Rigorous experimental confirmation of a theoretical model for diffusion-limited oxidationPolymer, 33
(2015)
Zum Alterungsverhalten von Polymeren: Experimentell gestützte, thermo-chemomechanische Modellbildung und numerische Simulation
Haiqing Lin, B. Freeman (2006)
Gas Permeation and Diffusion in Cross-Linked Poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate)Macromolecules, 39
M. Johlitz (2012)
On the Representation of Ageing PhenomenaThe Journal of Adhesion, 88
G. Ehrenstein, S. Pongratz (2007)
Beständigkeit von Kunststoffen
LW McKeen (2012)
Permeability Properties of Plastics and Elastomers
Arnaud Vieyres, R. Pérez-Aparicio, P. Albouy, O. Sanseau, K. Saalwächter, D. Long, P. Sotta (2013)
Sulfur-Cured Natural Rubber Elastomer Networks: Correlating Cross-Link Density, Chain Orientation, and Mechanical Response by Combined TechniquesMacromolecules, 46
M. Celina (2013)
Review of polymer oxidation and its relationship with materials performance and lifetime predictionPolymer Degradation and Stability, 98
S. Kamaruddin, P. Gac, Y. Marco, A. Muhr (2011)
Formation of crust on natural rubber after ageing
A. Herzig, M. Johlitz, A. Lion (2015)
Ageing Experimental investigation on the consumption of oxygen and its diffusion into elastomers during the process of ageing
M. Celina, J. Wise, D. Ottesen, K. Gillen, R. Clough (1998)
Oxidation profiles of thermally aged nitrile rubberPolymer Degradation and Stability, 60
J. Wise, K. Gillen, R. Clough (1995)
An ultrasensitive technique for testing the Arrhenius extrapolation assumption for thermally aged elastomersPolymer Degradation and Stability, 49
(2014)
Analyse des oxidativen Alterungsverhaltens elastomerer Werkstoffe: Gegenüberstellung von NMR, Spannungsrelaxation und Chemilumineszenz
van Amerongen (1950)
Influence of structure of elastomers on their permeability to gasesJournal of Polymer Science, 5
(2010)
IR-Spektroskopie: Infrarotspektroskopie
(2013)
Ein Beitrag zur Simulation der thermo-oxidativen Alterung von Elastomeren
A Herzig, M Johlitz, A Lion (2016)
Consumption and diffusion of oxygen during the thermoxidative ageing process of elastomersMat. wiss. u. Werkstofftech, 47
V. Fernandes, D. Focatiis (2015)
A swelling study of process-induced and deformation-induced anisotropy of filled rubbers
S Kamaruddin, P-Y Gac, Y Marco, AH Muhr (2012)
Constitutive Models for Rubber VII: Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Constitutive Models for Rubber, ECCMR, Dublin, Ireland, 23 September 2011
R. Assink, M. Celina, J. Skutnik, D. Harris (2005)
Use of a respirometer to measure oxidation rates of polymeric materials at ambient temperatures.Polymer, 46
A. Herzig, M. Johlitz, A. Lion (2016)
Consumption and diffusion of oxygen during the thermoxidative ageing process of elastomersMaterialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 47
(1967)
Mechanische Eigenschaften und Struktur von Polymeren
L. McKeen (2019)
Elastomers and RubbersThe Effect of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers
E. Hoffman, W. Daugherty, E. Skidmore, K. Dunn, D. Fisher (2011)
AGING PERFORMANCE OF MODEL 9975 PACKAGE FLUOROELASTOMER O-RINGS
H. Günzler, Alex Williams (2001)
Handbook of analytical techniques
(2012)
Oxidative Ageing of Polymers
(2005)
Entwicklung von Materialmodellen zur Alterung von Elastomerwerkstoffen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Sauerstoffeinflusses
A. Herzig, M. Johlitz, A. Lion (2015)
An experimental set-up to analyse the oxygen consumption of elastomers during ageing by using a differential oxygen analyserContinuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 27
J. Scheirs, S. Bigger, N. Billingham (1995)
A review of oxygen uptake techniques for measuring polyolefin oxidationPolymer Testing, 14
V. Saux, P. Gac, Y. Marco, S. Calloch (2014)
Limits in the validity of Arrhenius predictions for field ageing of a silica filled polychloroprene in a marine environmentPolymer Degradation and Stability, 99
M. Celina, J. Wise, D. Ottesen, K. Gillen, R. Clough (2000)
Correlation of Chemical and Mechanical Property Changes During Oxidative Degradation of NeoprenePolymer Degradation and Stability, 68
M. Celina, A. Graham, K. Gillen, R. Assink, L. Minier (1999)
Thermal Degradation Studies of A Polyurethane Propellant BinderRubber Chemistry and Technology, 73
K. Gillen, M. Celina, R. Bernstein (2003)
Validation of improved methods for predicting long-term elastomeric seal lifetimes from compression stress-relaxation and oxygen consumption techniques.Polymer Degradation and Stability, 82
The influence of oxygen on elastomers, known as oxidation, is one of the most important ageing processes and becomes more and more important for nowadays applications. The interaction with thermal effects as well as antioxidants makes oxidation of polymers a complex process. Based on the polymer chosen and environmental conditions, the ageing processes may behave completely different. In a lot of cases the influence of oxygen is limited to the surface layer of the samples, commonly referred to as diffusion-limited oxidation. For the lifetime prediction of elastomer components, it is essential to have detailed knowledge about the absorption and diffusion behaviour of oxygen molecules during thermo-oxidative ageing and how they react with the elastomer. Experimental investigations on industrially used elastomeric materials are executed in order to develop and fit models, which shall be capable of predicting the permeation and consumption of oxygen as well as changes in the mechanical properties. The latter are of prime importance for technical applications of rubber components. Oxidation does not occur homogeneously over the entire elastomeric component. Hence, material models which include ageing effects have to be amplified in order to consider heterogeneous ageing, which highly depends on the ageing temperature. The influence of elevated temperatures upon accelerated ageing has to be critically analysed, and influences on the permeation and diffusion coefficient have to be taken into account. This work presents phenomenological models which describe the oxygen uptake and the diffusion into elastomers based on an improved understanding of ongoing chemical processes and diffusion limiting modifications. On the one side, oxygen uptake is modelled by means of Henry’s law in which solubility is a function of the temperature as well as the ageing progress. The latter is an irreversible process and described by an inner differential evolution equation. On the other side, further diffusion of oxygen into the material is described by a model based on Fick’s law, which is modified by a reaction term. The evolved diffusion-reaction equation depends on the ageing temperature as well as on the progress of ageing and is able to describe diffusion-limited oxidation.
Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics – Springer Journals
Published: Apr 27, 2017
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.