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Le trouble obsessionnel compulsif (TOC) est une entité hétérogène. De nombreuses études factorielles ont mis en avant l’existence de dimensions consistantes à travers les études et stables dans le temps. Ces dimensions sont à l’origine d’un intérêt renouvelé dans la compréhension du TOC. Les facteurs dimensionnels sont des émanations de la structure du TOC dans la population. Chaque individu peut présenter à différents degrés une ou plusieurs dimensions. L’approche dimensionnelle permet de considérer l’individu sur plusieurs axes et de penser les facteurs dimensionnels comme un axe ordinal allant de la population sans trouble aux patients présentant des troubles de grande sévérité. Cette approche permet d’appréhender les troubles obsessionnels selon une autre conception que celle de sous-groupes exclusifs, avec juxtaposition de syndrome, sans possibilité de coexistence de plusieurs troubles chez un même patient. L’objectif est l’identification de facteurs étiologiques spécifiques de chaque dimension symptomatique. À ce jour, l’identification de facteurs dimensionnels chez les patients présentant des TOC a permis de nouvelles avancées dans le champ de la recherche génétique, en neuro-imagerie et dans le champ de la thérapeutique.
PSN – Springer Journals
Published: Jun 19, 2009
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