Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
EM Wood (1953)
A century of American fish culture, 1853–1953Prog Fish Cult, 15
JM Peek (1986)
A review of wildlife management
JR Moring (1986)
Fish culture in fisheries management: proceedings of a symposium on the role of fish culture in fisheries management
RJ Wahle, RR Vreeland, RH Lander (1974)
Bioeconomic contribution of Columbia River hatchery coho salmon, 1965 and 1966 broods, to the Pacific salmon fisheriesFish Bull, 72
RF Schalk (1986)
Estimating salmon and steelhead usage in the Columbia Basin before 1850: the anthropological perspectiveNorthwest Environ J, 2
PF Elson (1957)
The role of hatcheries in assuring maritime stocks of Atlantic salmonCan Fish Cult, 21
EL Brannon, KP Currens, D Goodman, JA Lichatowich, WE McConnaha, BE Riddell, RN Williams (1999)
Review of artificial production of anadromous and resident fish in the Columbia river basin, Part I: a scientific basis for Columbia river production programs
FW Allendorf, RS Waples (1996)
Conservation genetics: case histories from nature
HD Bowlby, AJF Gibson (2011)
Reduction in fitness limits the useful duration of supplementary rearing in an endangered salmon populationEcol Appl, 21
J McDonald (1981)
The stock concept and its application of British Columbia fisheriesCan J Fish Aquat Sci, 38
KA Naish, JE Taylor, PS Levin, TP Quinn, J Winton, D Huppert, R Hilborn (2008)
An evaluation of the effects of conservation and fishery enhancement hatcheries on wild populations of salmonAdv Mar Biol, 53
PJ Paquet, T Flagg, A Appleby, J Barr, L Blankenship, D Campton, M Delarm, T Evelyn, D Fast, J Gislason, P Kline, D Maynard, L Mobrand, G Nandor, P Seidel, S Smith (2011)
Hatcheries, conservation, and sustainable fisheries—achieving multiple goals: results of the Hatchery Scientific Review Group’s Columbia river basin reviewFisheries, 36
JJ Dodson, RJ Gibson, RA Cunjak, KD Friedland, CG Leaniz, MR Gross, S Roy (1998)
Elements in the development of conservation plans for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 55
II Berg (1968)
History of Washington State Department of Fisheries, 1890–1967
S Wright (1981)
Contemporary Pacific salmon fisheries managementN Am J Fish Manag, 1
WH Rich (1920)
Early history and seaward migration of Chinook salmon in the Columbia and Sacramento RiversUS Bur Fish Bull, 37
RS Waples (1991)
Genetic interactions between hatchery and wild salmonids: lessons from the Pacific NorthwestCan J Fish Aquat Sci, 48
RJ Wahle, RR Vreeland (1978)
Bioeconomic contribution to Columbia River hatchery fall Chinook salmon, 1961 and 1964 broods, to the Pacific salmon fisheriesFish Bull, 76
JE Taylor (1999)
Making salmon an environmental history of the Northwest fisheries crisis
MA Colligan, JF Kocik, DC Kimball, G Marancik, JF McKeon, PR Nickerson (1999)
Status review of anadromous Atlantic salmon in the United States
AJF Gibson, RA Jones, HD Bowlby (2009)
Equilibrium analyses of a population’s response to recovery activities: a case study with Atlantic salmonN Am J Fish Manag, 29
DJ Noakes, RJ Beamish, R Sweeting, J King (2000)
Changing the balance: interactions between hatchery and wild Pacific coho salmon in the presence of regime shiftsNPAFC Bull, 2
TA Flagg, FW Waknitz, DJ Maynard, GB Milner, CVW Mahnken (1995)
Uses and effects of cultured fishes in aquatic ecosystems: symposium 15
J Harry, R Gale, J Hendee (1969)
Conservation: an upper-middle class social movementJ Leis Res, 1
ET Baum (1997)
Maine Atlantic salmon: a national treasure
RM Peterman, CA Holt, MR Rutherford (2012)
The need for international cooperation to reduce competition among salmon for a common pool of prey resources in the North Pacific OceanNPAFC Tech Rep, 8
W Pennell, BA Barton (1996)
Principles of salmonid culture
(2001)
Evaluating Alaska’s ocean-ranching salmon hatcheries: biologic and management issues
TA Flagg, DJ Maynard, CVW Mahnken (2000)
Encyclopedia of aquaculture
DE Campton (1998)
Proceeding of Columbia river anadromous rehabilitation and passage symposium
JR Moring, J Marancik, F Griffiths (1995)
Changes in stocking strategies for Atlantic salmon restoration and rehabilitation in Maine, 1871–1993Am Fish Soc Symp, 15
(1990)
Review of the history, development, and management of anadromous fish production facilities in the Columbia river basin
PF Elson (1959)
Developing effective use of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in CanadaICES J Mar Sci, 148
GT Ruggerone, M Zimmermann, KW Myers, JL Nielsen, DE Rogers (2003)
Competition between Asian pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Alaskan sockeye salmon (O. nerka) in the North Pacific OceanFish Oceanogr, 12
JR Moring (2000)
The creation of the first public salmon hatchery in the United StatesFisheries, 25
HCA White (1924)
A quantitative determination of the number of survivors from the planting 5,000 trout fry in each of two streamsContrib Can Biol Fish, 2
JA Ritter (1997)
The contribution of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) enhancement to a sustainable resourceICES J Mar Sci, 54
WR Heard (1998)
Do hatchery salmon affect the North Pacific Ocean ecosystemNPAFC Bull, 1
MM McClure, SM Carlson, TJ Beechie, GR Pess, JC Jorgensen, SM Sogard, SE Sultan, BM Holzer, J Travis, BL Sanderson, ME Power, RW Carmichael (2008)
Evolutionary consequences of habitat loss for Pacific anadromous salmonidsEvol Appl, 1
G Chaput (2012)
Overview of the status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the North Atlantic and trends in marine mortalityICES J Mar Sci, 69
K Hindar, N Ryman, F Utter (1991)
Genetic effects of cultured fish on natural fish populationsCan J Fish Aquat Sci, 48
P O’Reilly, R Doyle (2007)
The Atlantic salmon: genetics, conservation and management
GA Wedemeyer (2001)
Fish hatchery management
W Nehlsen, JE Williams, JA Lichatowich (1991)
Pacific salmon at the crossroads: stocks at risk from California, Oregon, Idaho, and WashingtonFisheries, 16
P Roppel (1982)
Alaska salmon hatcheries, 1891–1959
JW Carr, F Whoriskey, P O’Reilly (2004)
Efficacy of releasing captive reared broodstock into an imperiled wild Atlantic salmon population as a recovery strategyJ Fish Biol, 65
A Wood (2002)
Hatcheries and the protection of wild salmon
JF Kocik, RW Brown (2002)
Sustaining North American salmon: perspectives across regions and discipline
LG Mestral, PT O’Reilly, R Jones, J Flanagan, CM Herbinger (2013)
Preliminary assessment of the environmental and selective effects of a captive breeding and rearing programme for endangered Atlantic salmon, Salmo salarFish Manag Ecol, 20
TA Flagg, CVW Mahnken, RN Iwamoto (2004)
Propagated fish in resource management symposium 44
L Mobrand, J Barr, L Blankenship, D Campton, T Eveyln, T Flagg, C Mahnken (2005)
Hatchery reform in Washington State: principles and emerging issuesFisheries, 3
AS Miller, TF Sheehan, MD Renkawitz, AL Meister, TJ Miller (2012)
Revisiting the marine migration of US Atlantic salmon using historical Carlin tag dataICES J Mar Sci, 69
RS Waples (1995)
Protection of aquatic biodiversity: proceeding of the World Fisheries Congress, Theme 3
H McCrimmon (1965)
The beginnings of salmon culture in CanadaCan Geogr J, 1965
B Davis, B Allee, D Amend, B Bachen, B Davidson, T Gharrett, S Marshall, A Wertheimer (1985)
FRED special report Alaska
J Lichatowich (1999)
Salmon without rivers: a history of the Pacific salmon crisis
Hatchery technology has been employed for the conservation of Pacific (Oncorhynchus spp.) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for over 140 years. The initial societal paradigm was that nature is inefficient and hatcheries could be used to conserve stocks that were over utilized or suffering habitat degradation. Although these early hatcheries failed to meet their conservation objectives, they succeeded in developing the spawning-to-swimup fry culture technology used today. In the 1930s the paradigm shifted to artificial and natural production being equally effective and led to the closure of Federal hatcheries in areas with intact freshwater habitat. Hatcheries were maintained to mitigate for habitat loss from hydropower development. With the development of cost effective smolt production technology by 1960, the paradigm returned to nature being inefficient and ushered in the massive conservation utilization production of Pacific salmon that continues to this day. The early 1990s saw another paradigm shift with nature’s inefficiency recognized as being the foundation for evolution to maintain the fitness of salmon in their natural environment. This shift gave rise to a focus for hatchery technology to preserve stocks in their native habitats. Using hatcheries for preservation–conservation has become the norm for Atlantic salmon in the USA and Atlantic Canada and for Pacific salmon stocks listed under the Endangered Species Act in the USA or as species at risk in Canada.
Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries – Springer Journals
Published: Dec 14, 2013
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.