Get 20M+ Full-Text Papers For Less Than $1.50/day. Start a 14-Day Trial for You or Your Team.

Learn More →

Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel

Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel Abstract This paper aims to develop a new microemulsions system comprising diesel and palm oil methyl ester (PME) that have the potential to be used as alternative fuels for diesel engines. The water-in-diesel-biodiesel microemulsions were prepared by applying PME mixed with diesel, non-ionic surfactants, co-surfactants and water to make the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion system. This microemulsified fuel was achieved through low-energy microemulsification by using the constant composition method. The diesel used was mixed with four different concentrations of PME, i.e., 10% (w/w) (B10), 20% (w/w) (B20), 30% (w/w) (B30) and neat diesel (B0). The amount of water was fixed at 20% (w/w). The phase behavior of the water/mixed non-ionic surfactant/diesel-PME system were studied by constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams with the goal of formulating optimized systems. The results showed that the microemulsions were formed and stabilized with a mixture of non-ionic surfactants at a weight ratio of 80:20 at 20% (w/w), and with mixed co-surfactants at a weight ratio of 25:75, 20:80 and 10:90 for B0, B10, B20 and B30 respectively. The particle size, kinematic viscosity at 40°C, refractive index, density, heating value, cloud point, pour point and flash point of the selected water-in-diesel microemulsion were 19.40 nm (polydispersity of 0.012), 12.86 mm2/s, 1.435, 0.8913 g/mL, 31.87 MJ/kg, 7.15°C, 10.5°C and 46.5°C respectively. The corresponding values of the water-in-diesel-PME selected were 20.72 nm to 23.74 nm, 13.02 mm2/s to 13.29 mm2/s, 1.442, 0.8939 g/mL to 0.8990 g/mL, 31.45 MJ/kg to 27.34 MJ/kg, 7.2°C to 6.8°C, 8.5°C to 1.5°C and 47.5°C to 52.0°C. These preliminary findings were further studied as potential fuels for diesel engines. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png "Frontiers in Energy" Springer Journals

Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel

Download PDF
8 pages

Loading next page...
 
/lp/springer-journals/ternary-phase-behavior-of-water-microemulsified-diesel-palm-biodiesel-LQzCtAYjPi
Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
2015 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
ISSN
2095-1701
eISSN
2095-1698
DOI
10.1007/s11708-015-0355-9
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Abstract This paper aims to develop a new microemulsions system comprising diesel and palm oil methyl ester (PME) that have the potential to be used as alternative fuels for diesel engines. The water-in-diesel-biodiesel microemulsions were prepared by applying PME mixed with diesel, non-ionic surfactants, co-surfactants and water to make the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion system. This microemulsified fuel was achieved through low-energy microemulsification by using the constant composition method. The diesel used was mixed with four different concentrations of PME, i.e., 10% (w/w) (B10), 20% (w/w) (B20), 30% (w/w) (B30) and neat diesel (B0). The amount of water was fixed at 20% (w/w). The phase behavior of the water/mixed non-ionic surfactant/diesel-PME system were studied by constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams with the goal of formulating optimized systems. The results showed that the microemulsions were formed and stabilized with a mixture of non-ionic surfactants at a weight ratio of 80:20 at 20% (w/w), and with mixed co-surfactants at a weight ratio of 25:75, 20:80 and 10:90 for B0, B10, B20 and B30 respectively. The particle size, kinematic viscosity at 40°C, refractive index, density, heating value, cloud point, pour point and flash point of the selected water-in-diesel microemulsion were 19.40 nm (polydispersity of 0.012), 12.86 mm2/s, 1.435, 0.8913 g/mL, 31.87 MJ/kg, 7.15°C, 10.5°C and 46.5°C respectively. The corresponding values of the water-in-diesel-PME selected were 20.72 nm to 23.74 nm, 13.02 mm2/s to 13.29 mm2/s, 1.442, 0.8939 g/mL to 0.8990 g/mL, 31.45 MJ/kg to 27.34 MJ/kg, 7.2°C to 6.8°C, 8.5°C to 1.5°C and 47.5°C to 52.0°C. These preliminary findings were further studied as potential fuels for diesel engines.

Journal

"Frontiers in Energy" – Springer Journals

Published: Jun 1, 2015

References

  • Water-in-diesel emulsions and related systems
    A Lif, K Holmberg
  • Modelling of biofuel droplets dispersion and evaporation
    J Barata
  • New microemulsion systems using diesel and vegetable oils
    T Neuma de Castro Dantas, A C Silva, A A D Neto
  • Water-in-oil-emulsion
  • Engine performance using emulsified diesel fuel
    A Alahmer, J Yamin, A Sakhrieh, M A H Hamdan
  • Formation of water-in-oil (W/O) nano-emulsions in a water/mixed non-ionic surfactant/oil systems prepared by a low-energy emulsification method
    N Usón, M J Garcia, C Solans
  • Effect of diols as cosurfactants in partial ternary phase behaviour of palm oil-based microemulsions
    A R Ismail, H Suhaimi, R Ismail, H A Hassan
  • Phase behavior of water/oil/nonionic surfactants with normal distribution of the poly(ethylene oxide)chain length
    M Balcan, D F Anghel, V Raicu
  • Calculation of HLB values of non-ionic surfactants
    W C Griffin
  • Alkyl esters of fatty acids in fuel micromeulsion for the internal combustion engine and for oil furnace
  • Phase Equilibria
  • Similarity in phase diagrams between ionic and nonionic surfactant solutions at constant temperature
    K Shinoda, H Kunieda, N Obi, S E Friberg
  • Microemulsions: colloidal aspects
    K Shinoda, S Friberg
  • Palm-based oils stabilised by a non-ionic surfactants
    I A B Raman, H Suhaimi, G J T Tiddy
  • Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: a review
    S P Singh, D Singh
  • Performance and NOx emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-diesel-water nanoemulsions
    A B Koc, M Abdullah
  • Straight vegetable oils usage in a compression ignition engine—a review
    R D Misra, M S Murthy
  • Diesel engine evaluation of a non-ionic sunflower oil-aqueous ethanol microemulsion
    M Ziejewski, K R Kaufman, AW Schwab, E H Pryde
  • Engine durability screening test of a diesel oil/soy oil/alcohol microemulsion fuel
    C E Goering, B Fry
  • Fuel properties of some alcohol-diesel microemulsions for their use in compression ignition engines
    R Chandra, R Kumar
  • Effect of ethers and ether/ethanol additives on the physicochemical properties of diesel fuel and on engine tests
    E W Menezes, R Silva, R Cataluña, J C O Ricardo