Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
W. Bond, S. Archibald (2003)
Confronting complexity: fire policy choices in South African savanna parksInternational Journal of Wildland Fire, 12
F. Bernhard-Reversat (1982)
Biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen in a semi-arid savanna
L. Cernusak, L. Hutley, J. Beringer, N. Tapper (2006)
Stem and leaf gas exchange and their responses to fire in a north Australian tropical savanna.Plant, cell & environment, 29 4
E. Hewitt (1966)
Sand and Water Culture Methods Used in the Study of Plant Nutrition
J. Canadell, L. López-Soria (1998)
Lignotuber reserves support regrowth following clipping of two Mediterranean shrubsFunctional Ecology, 12
G. Stuart-Hill, R. Scholes, B. Walker (1993)
An African Savanna: Synthesis of the Nylsvley Study.Journal of Applied Ecology, 31
S. Scheiter, S. Higgins (2007)
Partitioning of Root and Shoot Competition and the Stability of SavannasThe American Naturalist, 170
W. Bond, B. Wilgen (1995)
Fire and Plants
A. Skowno, J. Midgley, William Bond, Dave Balfour (1999)
Secondary succession in Acacia nilotica (L.) savanna in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve, South AfricaPlant Ecology, 145
M. Hottman, T. O’Connor (1999)
Vegetation change over 40 years in the Weenen/Muden area, KwaZulu-Natal: evidence from photo-panoramasAfrican Journal of Range & Forage Science, 16
B. McCleary, T. Gibson, D. Mugford (1997)
Measurement of total starch in cereal products by amyloglucosidase-alpha-amylase method: collaborative studyJournal of AOAC International, 80
L. Robbins, R. Myers (1992)
Seasonal effects of prescribed burning in Florida: a review
A. Franco (1998)
Seasonal patterns of gas exchange, water relations and growth of it Roupala montana, an evergreen savanna speciesPlant Ecology, 136
W. Bond, G. Midgley (2000)
A proposed CO2‐controlled mechanism of woody plant invasion in grasslands and savannasGlobal Change Biology, 6
W. Trollope (1984)
Fire in Savanna, 48
D. Wildy, J. Pate (2002)
Quantifying above- and below-ground growth responses of the western Australian oil mallee, Eucalyptus kochii subsp. plenissima, to contrasting decapitation regimes.Annals of botany, 90 2
D. Balfour, Oe Howison (2002)
Spatial and temporal variation in a mesic savanna fire regime: responses to variation in annual rainfallAfrican Journal of Range & Forage Science, 19
F. Stuart, Chapin Iii, E. Schulze, H. Mooney (1990)
The Ecology and Economics of Storage in PlantsAnnual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 21
J. Gignoux, J. Clobert, J. Menaut (1997)
Alternative fire resistance strategies in savanna treesOecologia, 110
J. McCarron (2003)
C 3 SHRUB EXPANSION IN A C 4 GRASSLAND : POSITIVE POST-FIRE RESPONSES IN RESOURCES AND SHOOT GROWTH 1
S. Higgins, W. Bond, W. Trollope (2000)
Fire, resprouting and variability: a recipe for grass–tree coexistence in savannaJournal of Ecology, 88
MB Jones, HM Laude (1960)
Relationships between sprouting in chamise and the physiological condition of the plantJ Range Manage, 13
A. Whateley, R. Porter (1983)
The woody vegetation communities of the Hluhluwe-Corridor- Umfolozi Game Reserve ComplexBothalia, 14
B. Bowen, J. Pate (1993)
The Significance of Root Starch in Post-fire Shoot Recovery of the Resprouter Stirlingia latifolia R. Br. (Proteaceae)Annals of Botany, 72
K. Miyanishi, M. Kellman (1986)
The role of root nutrient reserves in regrowth of two savanna shrubsBotany, 64
Hans Lambers, F. Chapin, T. Pons (2000)
Plant Physiological Ecology
R. Barnes, D. Filer, S. Milton (1996)
Acacia Karroo: Monograph and Annotated Bibliography
W. Hoffmann (2002)
Direct and indirect effects of fire on radial growth of cerrado savanna treesJournal of Tropical Ecology, 18
WR Teague (1989)
Effect of intensity and frequency of defoliation on aerial growth and carbohydrate reserve levels in Acacia karroo plantsJ Grassland Soc South Afr, 6
M Walters, JJ Midgley, MJ Somers (2004)
Effects of fire and fire intensity on the germination and establishment of Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica, Acacia luederitziiBMC Ecol, 4
Timothy O’Connor (1995)
Acacia karroo invasion of grassland: environmental and biotic effects influencing seedling emergence and establishmentOecologia, 103
Y. Iwasa, T. Kubo (2004)
Optimal size of storage for recovery after unpredictable disturbancesEvolutionary Ecology, 11
N. Govender, W. Trollope, B. Wilgen (2006)
The effect of fire season, fire frequency, rainfall and management on fire intensity in savanna vegetation in South AfricaJournal of Applied Ecology, 43
S. Archibald, W. Bond (2003)
Growing tall vs growing wide: tree architecture and allometry of Acacia karroo in forest, savanna, and arid environmentsOikos, 102
M. Gashaw, A. Michelsen, I. Friis, M. Jensen, S. Demissew, Z. Woldu (2002)
Post‐fire regeneration strategies and tree bark resistance to heating in frequently burning tropical savanna woodlands and grasslands in EthiopiaNordic Journal of Botany, 22
W. Bond, K. Smythe, D. Balfour (2001)
Acacia species turnover in space and time in an African savannaJournal of Biogeography, 28
W. Teague (1989)
Effect of intensity and frequency of defoliation on aerial growth and carbohydrate reserve levels in Acacia karroo plantsAfrican Journal of Range & Forage Science, 6
C. Castell, J. Terradas, J. Tenhunen (1994)
Water relations, gas exchange, and growth of resprouts and mature plant shoots of Arbutus unedo L. and Quercus ilex L.Oecologia, 98
N. Hanan, W. Sea, G. Dangelmayr, N. Govender (2008)
Do Fires in Savannas Consume Woody Biomass? A Comment on Approaches to Modeling Savanna DynamicsThe American Naturalist, 171
(1980)
The eVects of single Wres on three woody plant species in the Hluhluwe Game Reserve
Richard Williams, G. Cook, A. Gill, P. Moore (1999)
Fire regime, fire intensity and tree survival in a tropical savanna in northern AustraliaAustral Ecology, 24
M. Walters, J. Midgley, M. Somers (2004)
Effects of fire and fire intensity on the germination and establishment of Acacia karroo, Acacia nilotica, Acacia luederitzii and Dichrostachys cinerea in the fieldBMC Ecology, 4
P. Drewa (2003)
Effects of fire season and intensity on Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosaInternational Journal of Wildland Fire, 12
A. Cruz, B. Pérez, J. Moreno (2003)
Resprouting of the Mediterranean‐type shrub Erica australis with modified lignotuber carbohydrate contentJournal of Ecology, 91
Milton Jones, H. Laude (1960)
Relationships between sprouting in chamise and the physiological condition of the plantCalifornia Agriculture, 15
L. Prior, D. Eamus, G. Duff (1997)
Seasonal and Diurnal Patterns of Carbon Assimilation, Stomatal Conductance and Leaf Water Potential in Eucalyptus tetrodonta Saplings in a Wet–Dry Savanna in Northern AustraliaAustralian Journal of Botany, 45
JS Kays, CD Canham (1991)
Effects of time and frequency of cutting on hardwood root reserves and sprout growthFor Sci, 37
W. Hoffmann, F. Bazzaz, N. Chatterton, P. Harrison, R. Jackson (2000)
Elevated CO2 enhances resprouting of a tropical savanna treeOecologia, 123
A. Catana (1963)
The Wandering Quarter Method of Estimating Population DensityEcology, 44
F. Mouillot, C. Field (2005)
Fire history and the global carbon budget: a 1°× 1° fire history reconstruction for the 20th centuryGlobal Change Biology, 11
P. Booysen, N. Tainton (1984)
Ecological Effects of Fire in South African EcosystemsJournal of Ecology, 73
Daisuke Kabeya, A. Sakai, K. Matsui, S. Sakai (2003)
Resprouting ability of Quercus crispula seedlings depends on the vegetation cover of their microhabitatsJournal of Plant Research, 116
J. Kays, C. Canham (1991)
Effects of Time and Frequency of Cutting on Hardwood Root Reserves and Sprout GrowthForest Science, 37
L. Prior, D. Eamus, D. Bowman (2004)
Tree growth rates in north Australian savanna habitats: seasonal patterns and correlations with leaf attributesAustralian Journal of Botany, 52
J. McCarron, A. Knapp (2003)
C3 shrub expansion in a C4 grassland: positive post-fire responses in resources and shoot growth.American journal of botany, 90 10
M. Dubois, K. Gilles, J. Hamilton, P. Rebers, F. Smith (1956)
Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related SubstancesAnalytical Chemistry, 28
S. Landhäusser, V. Lieffers (2002)
Leaf area renewal, root retention and carbohydrate reserves in a clonal tree species following above‐ground disturbanceJournal of Ecology, 90
J. Langley, B. Drake, B. Hungate (2002)
Extensive belowground carbon storage supports roots and mycorrhizae in regenerating scrub oaksOecologia, 131
J. Glitzenstein, W. Platt, D. Streng (1995)
EFFECTS OF FIRE REGIME AND HABITAT ON TREE DYNAMICS IN NORTH FLORIDA LONGLEAF PINE SAVANNASEcological Monographs, 65
(1999)
Land degradation in South Africa. A report prepared for the South African Depart
In frequently burnt mesic savannas, trees can get trapped into a cycle of surviving fire-induced stem death (i.e. topkill) by resprouting, only to be topkilled again a year or two later. The ability of savanna saplings to resprout repeatedly after fire is a key component of recent models of tree–grass coexistence in savannas. This study investigated the carbon allocation and biomass partitioning patterns that enable a dominant savanna tree, Acacia karroo, to survive frequent and repeated topkill. Root starch depletion and replenishment, foliage recovery and photosynthesis of burnt and unburnt plants were compared over the first year after a burn. The concentration of starch in the roots of the burnt plants (0.08 ± 0.01 g g−1) was half that of the unburnt plant (0.16 ± 0.01 g g−1) at the end of the first growing season after topkill. However, root starch reserves of the burnt plants were replenished over the dry season and matched that of unburnt plants within 1 year after topkill. The leaf area of resprouting plants recovered to match that of unburnt plants within 4–5 months after topkill. Shoot growth of resprouting plants was restricted to the first few months of the wet season, whereas photosynthetic rates remained high into the dry season, allowing replenishment of root starch reserves. 14C labeling showed that reserves were initially utilized for shoot growth after topkill. The rapid foliage recovery and the replenishment of reserves within a single year after topkill implies that A. karroo is well adapted to survive recurrent topkill and is poised to take advantage of unusually long fire-free intervals to grow into adults. This paper provides some of the first empirical evidence to explain how savanna trees in frequently burnt savannas are able to withstand frequent burning as juveniles and survive to become adults.
Oecologia – Springer Journals
Published: Feb 12, 2009
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.