Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
M. Schell, D. Wilson (1979)
Purification of galactokinase mRNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by indirect immunoprecipitation.The Journal of biological chemistry, 254 9
R. Heinricht (2003)
The Purification and Properties of Yeast Galactokinase*
M. Asada, Y. Okano, T. Imamura, I. Suyama, Y. Hase, G. Isshiki (1999)
Molecular characterization of galactokinase deficiency in Japanese patientsJournal of Human Genetics, 44
M. Parthun, J. Jaehning (1992)
A transcriptionally active form of GAL4 is phosphorylated and associated with GAL80Molecular and Cellular Biology, 12
V. Schwarz, Gal Atp, Gal-i-P Adp, Gal-i-P Udp, Gluc. UDP-Gal, UDP-Gal, Gluc-1-P UDP-Gluc, Pp (1969)
Disorders of galactose metabolismJournal of Clinical Pathology, 22
A. Hartley, S. Glynn, V. Barynin, P. Baker, S. Sedelnikova, C. Verhees, D. Geus, J. Oost, D. Timson, R. Reece, D. Rice (2004)
Substrate specificity and mechanism from the structure of Pyrococcus furiosus galactokinase.Journal of molecular biology, 337 2
K. Petry, J. Reichardt (1998)
The fundamental importance of human galactose metabolism: lessons from genetics and biochemistry.Trends in genetics : TIG, 14 3
P. Bork, C. Sander, Alfonso Valencia (1992)
An ATPase domain common to prokaryotic cell cycle proteins, sugar kinases, actin, and hsp70 heat shock proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 89
L. Kalaydjieva, A. Pérez-Lezaun, D. Angelicheva, S. Onengut, D. Dye, N. Bosshard, A. Jordanova, Alexei Savov, Peter Yanakiev, I. Kremensky, Brigitta Radeva, Joachim Hallmayer, Arseni Markov, V. Nedkova, I. Tournev, Lidia Aneva, R. Gitzelmann (1999)
A founder mutation in the GK1 gene is responsible for galactokinase deficiency in Roma (Gypsies).American journal of human genetics, 65 5
D. Wilson, D. Hogness (1969)
The enzymes of the galactose operon in Escherichia coli. 3. The size and composition of galactokinase.The Journal of biological chemistry, 244 8
D. Timson, H. Ross, R. Reece (2002)
Gal3p and Gal1p interact with the transcriptional repressor Gal80p to form a complex of 1:1 stoichiometry.The Biochemical journal, 363 Pt 3
C. Yabe-Nishimura (1998)
Aldose reductase in glucose toxicity: a potential target for the prevention of diabetic complications.Pharmacological reviews, 50 1
J. Thoden, H. Holden (2003)
Molecular Structure of Galactokinase*Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278
Heinrich Mr (1964)
THE PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF YEAST GALACTOKINASE.Journal of Biological Chemistry, 239
G. Novelli, J. Reichardt (2000)
Molecular basis of disorders of human galactose metabolism: past, present, and future.Molecular genetics and metabolism, 71 1-2
(2004)
Natural product glyorandomization
Alan Lee, Sookja Chung, S. Chung (1995)
Demonstration that polyol accumulation is responsible for diabetic cataract by the use of transgenic mice expressing the aldose reductase gene in the lens.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 92
S. Krishna, Tianjun Zhou, Matthew Daugherty, Andrei Osterman, Hong Zhang (2001)
Structural basis for the catalysis and substrate specificity of homoserine kinase.Biochemistry, 40 36
G. Peng, J. Hopper (2000)
Evidence for Gal3p's Cytoplasmic Location and Gal80p's Dual Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Location Implicates New Mechanisms for Controlling Gal4p Activity inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMolecular and Cellular Biology, 20
R. Caputto, L. Leloir (1949)
The enzymatic transformation of galactose into glucose derivatives.The Journal of biological chemistry, 179 1
S. Bhaumik, T. Raha, D. Aiello, Michael Green (2004)
In vivo target of a transcriptional activator revealed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer.Genes & development, 18 3
D. Potter, H. Miziorko (1997)
Identification of Catalytic Residues in Human Mevalonate Kinase*The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272
J. Sondek, D. Lambright, J. Noel, H. Hamm, P. Sigler (1994)
GTPase mechanism of Gproteins from the 1.7-Å crystal structure of transducin α - GDP AIF−4Nature, 372
F. Ballard (1966)
Kinetic studies with liver galactokinase.The Biochemical journal, 101 1
Michael Hunter, D. Angelicheva, H. Levy, S. Pueschel, L. Kalaydjieva (2001)
Novel mutations in the GALK1 gene in patients with galactokinase deficiencyHuman Mutation, 17
C. Smith, I. Rayment (1996)
Active site comparisons highlight structural similarities between myosin and other P-loop proteins.Biophysical journal, 70 4
Z. Fu, Ming Wang, D. Potter, H. Miziorko, Jung‐Ja Kim (2002)
The Structure of a Binary Complex between a Mammalian Mevalonate Kinase and ATPThe Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277
D. Walker, H. Khan (1968)
Some properties of galactokinase in developing rat liver.The Biochemical journal, 108 2
T. Schweins, M. Geyer, K. Scheffzek, A. Warshel, H. Kalbitzer, A. Wittinghofer (1995)
Substrate-assisted catalysis as a mechanism for GTP hydrolysis of p21ras and other GTP-binding proteinsNature Structural Biology, 2
U. Oppermann, C. Filling, M. Hult, N. Shafqat, Xiaoqiu Wu, M. Lindh, J. Shafqat, E. Nordling, Y. Kallberg, B. Persson, H. Jörnvall (2003)
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR): the 2002 update.Chemico-biological interactions, 143-144
R. Reece (2000)
Molecular basis of nutrient-controlled gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeCellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, 57
Michael Hunter, E. Heyer, F. Austerlitz, D. Angelicheva, V. Nedkova, P. Briones, A. Gata, R. Pablo, A. László, N. Bosshard, R. Gitzelmann, A. Tordai, L. Kalmár, C. Szalai, I. Balogh, C. Lupu, Axinia Corches, G. Popa, A. Pérez-Lezaun, L. Kalaydjieva (2002)
The P28T Mutation in the GALK1 Gene Accounts for Galactokinase Deficiency in Roma (Gypsy) Patients across EuropePediatric Research, 51
W. Duax, D. Ghosh, V. Pletnev (2000)
Steroid dehydrogenase structures, mechanism of action, and disease.Vitamins and hormones, 58
T. Wada, T. Kuzuyama, S. Satoh, S. Kuramitsu, S. Yokoyama, S. Unzai, J. Tame, Sam-Yong Park (2003)
Crystal Structure of 4-(Cytidine 5′-diphospho)-2-C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase, an Enzyme in the Non-mevalonate Pathway of Isoprenoid Synthesis*Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278
G. Peng, J. Hopper (2002)
Gene activation by interaction of an inhibitor with a cytoplasmic signaling proteinProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99
Hua Xiao, Yong-guang Tao, Jack Greenblatt, R. Roeder (1998)
A cofactor, TIP30, specifically enhances HIV-1 Tat-activated transcription.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95 5
J. Broach (1979)
Galactose regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzymes encoded by the GAL7, 10, 1 cluster are co-ordinately controlled and separately translated.Journal of molecular biology, 131 1
M. Ito, Chao Jiang, K. Krumm, Xia Zhang, Jill Pecha, Jian Zhao, Ya-jun Guo, R. Roeder, Hua Xiao (2003)
TIP30 deficiency increases susceptibility to tumorigenesis.Cancer research, 63 24
O. Rennert (1977)
Disorders of galactose metabolism.Annals of clinical and laboratory science, 7 6
J. Thoden, H. Holden (2002)
High Resolution X-ray Structure of Galactose Mutarotase from Lactococcus lactis *The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277
C. Bauer, H. Holden, J. Thoden, Robert Smith, I. Rayment (2000)
X-ray Structures of the Apo and MgATP-bound States ofDictyostelium discoideum Myosin Motor Domain*The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275
D. Timson, R. Reece (2002)
Kinetic analysis of yeast galactokinase: implications for transcriptional activation of the GAL genes.Biochimie, 84 4
Andrew Fisher, Clyde Smith, J. Thoden, Robert Smith, Kazuo Sutoh, H. Holden, I. Rayment (1995)
X-ray structures of the myosin motor domain of Dictyostelium discoideum complexed with MgADP.BeFx and MgADP.AlF4-.Biochemistry, 34 28
L. Lin, V. Reddy, F. Giblin, P. Kador, J. Kinoshita (1991)
Polyol accumulation in cultured human lens epithelial cells.Experimental eye research, 52 1
J. Thorson, T. Vogt (2005)
Glycosylated Natural Products
C. Hasemann, Eva Istvan, K. Uyeda, Johann Deisenhofer (1996)
The crystal structure of the bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase reveals distinct domain homologies.Structure, 4 9
P. Dey (1983)
Galactokinase of Vicia faba seeds.European journal of biochemistry, 136 1
Tianjun Zhou, Matthew Daugherty, Nick Grishin, Andrei Osterman, Hong Zhang (2000)
Structure and mechanism of homoserine kinase: prototype for the GHMP kinase superfamily.Structure, 8 12
Dong Yang, L. Shipman, C. Roessner, A. Scott, James Sacchettini (2002)
Structure of the Methanococcus jannaschii Mevalonate Kinase, a Member of the GHMP Kinase Superfamily*The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277
Michael Galperin, E. Koonin (1997)
A diverse superfamily of enzymes with ATP‐dependent carboxylate—amine/thiol ligase activityProtein Science, 6
E. Shtivelman (1997)
A link between metastasis and resistance to apoptosis of variant small cell lung carcinomaOncogene, 14
J. Kinoshita, L. Merola, K. Satoh, E. Dikmak (1962)
Osmotic Changes caused by the Accumulation of Dulcitol in the Lenses of Rats fed with GalactoseNature, 194
J. Thorson, W. Barton, D. Hoffmeister, C. Albermann, D. Nikolov (2004)
Structure‐Based Enzyme Engineering and Its Impact on In Vitro GlycorandomizationChemBioChem, 5
Kerstin Leuther, Stephen Johnston (1992)
Nondissociation of GAL4 and GAL80 in vivo after galactose induction.Science, 256 5061
R. Nicamhlaoibh, E. Shtivelman (2001)
Metastasis suppressor CC3 inhibits angiogenic properties of tumor cells in vitroOncogene, 20
Jie Yang, Xun Fu, Q. Jia, Jie Shen, J. Biggins, Jiqing Jiang, Jingjing Zhao, Joshua Schmidt, P. Wang, J. Thorson (2003)
Studies on the substrate specificity of Escherichia coli galactokinase.Organic letters, 5 13
G. Peng, J. Hopper (2000)
Evidence for Gal 3 p ’ s Cytoplasmic Location and Gal 80 p ’ s Dual Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Location Implicates New Mechanisms for Controlling Gal 4 p Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
A. Sil, S. Alam, P. Xin, L. Ma, M. Morgan, C. Lebo, M. Woods, J. Hopper (1999)
The Gal3p-Gal80p-Gal4p Transcription Switch of Yeast: Gal3p Destabilizes the Gal80p-Gal4p Complex in Response to Galactose and ATPMolecular and Cellular Biology, 19
J. Sherman, J. Adler (1963)
Galactokinse from Escherichia coli.The Journal of biological chemistry, 238
Yunjun Ai, Zhong Zheng, Ann O'Brien-Jenkins, David Bernard, Tony Wynshaw-Boris, Tony Wynshaw-Boris, Cong Ning, Robert Reynolds, Stanton Segal, Kris Huang, Dwight Stambolian (2000)
A mouse model of galactose-induced cataracts.Human molecular genetics, 9 12
H. Holden, I. Rayment, J. Thoden (2003)
Structure and Function of Enzymes of the Leloir Pathway for Galactose Metabolism*Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278
J. Thoden, S. Firestine, S. Benkovic, H. Holden (2002)
PurT-encoded Glycinamide Ribonucleotide TransformylaseThe Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277
J. Thoden, H. Holden (1998)
Dramatic differences in the binding of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose 4-epimerase from Escherichia coli.Biochemistry, 37 33
M. Foglietti, F. Percheron (1976)
[Purification and mechanism of action of a plant galactokinase].Biochimie, 58 5
V. Kolosha, E. Anoia, C. Céspedes, R. Gitzelmann, L. Shih, T. Casco, M. Saborío, R. Trejos, N. Buist, T. Tedesco, W. Skach, O. Mitelmann, D. Lédée, K. Huang, D. Stambolian (2000)
Novel mutations in 13 probands with galactokinase deficiencyHuman Mutation, 15
Adam Platt, R. Reece (1998)
The yeast galactose genetic switch is mediated by the formation of a Gal4p–Gal80p–Gal3p complexThe EMBO Journal, 17
D. Stambolian, Y. Ai, D. Sidjanin, K. Nesburn, G. Sathe, M. Rosenberg, D. Bergsma (1995)
Cloning of the galactokinase cDNA and identification of mutations in two families with cataractsNature Genetics, 10
R. Jacobson, X.‐J. Zhang, R. Dubose, B. Matthews (1994)
Three-dimensional structure of β-galactosidase from E. coli.Nature, 369
J. Gulbinsky, W. Cleland (1968)
Kinetic studies of Escherichia coli galactokinase.Biochemistry, 7 2
M. Foglietti, F. Percheron (1976)
Purification et mécanisme d'action d'une galactokinase végétaleBiochimie, 58
M. Schell, D. Wilson (1977)
Purification and properties of galactokinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.The Journal of biological chemistry, 252 4
Yoshiyuki Okano, Minoru Asada, A. Fujimoto, Akira Ohtake, Koichiro Murayama, Kwang-Jen Hsiao, K. Choeh, Yanling Yang, Qixiang Cao, Juergen Reichardt, S. Niihira, Takuji Imamura, Tsunekazu Yamano (2001)
A genetic factor for age-related cataract: identification and characterization of a novel galactokinase variant, "Osaka," in Asians.American journal of human genetics, 68 4
C. Verhees, Denise Koot, Thijs Ettema, C. Dijkema, W. Vos, J. Oost (2002)
Biochemical adaptations of two sugar kinases from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus.The Biochemical journal, 366 Pt 1
T. Blank, M. Woods, C. Lebo, Ping Xin, J. Hopper (1997)
Novel Gal3 proteins showing altered Gal80p binding cause constitutive transcription of Gal4p-activated genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeMolecular and Cellular Biology, 17
R. Jacobson, X. Zhang, R. Dubose, B. Matthews (1994)
Three-dimensional structure of beta-galactosidase from E. coli.Nature, 369 6483
J. Meyer, A. Walker-Jonah, C. Hollenberg (1991)
Galactokinase encoded by GAL1 is a bifunctional protein required for induction of the GAL genes in Kluyveromyces lactis and is able to suppress the gal3 phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeMolecular and Cellular Biology, 11
J. Sherman, J. Adler (1963)
Galactokinase from Escherichia coliJournal of Biological Chemistry, 238
J. Luz, C. Hassig, C. Pickle, A. Godzik, B. Meyer, I. Wilson (2003)
XOL-1, primary determinant of sexual fate in C. elegans, is a GHMP kinase family member and a structural prototype for a class of developmental regulators.Genes & development, 17 8
A. Bosch, H. Bakker, A. Gennip, J. Kempen, R. Wanders, F. Wijburg (2003)
Clinical features of galactokinase deficiency:A review of the literatureJournal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, 25
P. Bork, C. Sander, Alfonso Valencia (1993)
Convergent evolution of similar enzymatic function on different protein folds: The hexokinase, ribokinase, and galactokinase families of sugar kinasesProtein Science, 2
D. Hoffmeister, Jie Yang, Lesley Liu, J. Thorson (2003)
Creation of the first anomeric D/L-sugar kinase by means of directed evolution.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100 23
M. Baker, L. Yan, M. Pear (2000)
Three-dimensional model of human TIP30, a coactivator for HIV-1 Tat-activated transcription, and CC3, a protein associated with metastasis suppressionCellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, 57
D. Dvornik, N. Simard-Duquesne, M. Krami, K. Sestanj, Kenneth Gabbay, J. Kinoshita, S. Varma, L. Merola (1973)
Polyol Accumulation in Galactosemic and Diabetic Rats: Control by an Aldose Reductase InhibitorScience, 182
M. Romanowski, J. Bonanno, S. Burley (2002)
Crystal structure of the Streptococcus pneumoniae phosphomevalonate kinase, a member of the GHMP kinase superfamilyProteins: Structure, 47
S. Reich, J. Hennermann, B. Vetter, L. Neumann, Y. Shin, A. Söling, E. Mönch, A. Kulozik (2002)
An Unexpectedly High Frequency of Hypergalactosemia in an Immigrant Bosnian Population Revealed by Newborn ScreeningPediatric Research, 51
M. Baker (1999)
TIP30, a cofactor for HIV-1 Tat-activated transcription, is homologous to short-chain dehydrogenases/reductasesCurrent Biology, 9
P. Bhat, D. Oh, J. Hopper (1990)
Analysis of the GAL3 signal transduction pathway activating GAL4 protein-dependent transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Genetics, 125 2
F. Ballard (1966)
Purification and properties of galactokinase from pig liver.The Biochemical journal, 98 1
Adam Platt, H. Ross, Steven Hankin, R. Reece (2000)
The insertion of two amino acids into a transcriptional inducer converts it into a galactokinase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97 7
James Yargera, H. Halvorson, J. Hopper (2004)
Regulation of galactokinase (GAL1) enzyme accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeMolecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 61
D. Timson, R. Reece (2003)
Functional analysis of disease-causing mutations in human galactokinase.European journal of biochemistry, 270 8
K. Yano, T. Fukasawa (1997)
Galactose-dependent reversible interaction of Gal3p with Gal80p in the induction pathway of Gal4p-activated genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94 5
F Zenke, R. Engles, V. Vollenbroich, J. Meyer, C. Hollenberg, K. Breunig (1996)
Activation of Gal4p by Galactose-Dependent Interaction of Galactokinase and Gal80pScience, 272
Hua Xiao, V. Palhan, Yi-Liu Yang, R. Roeder (2000)
TIP30 has an intrinsic kinase activity required for up‐regulation of a subset of apoptotic genesThe EMBO Journal, 19
D. Timson, R. Reece (2003)
Sugar recognition by human galactokinaseBMC Biochemistry, 4
The conversion of beta-D-galactose to glucose 1-phosphate is accomplished by the action of four enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway. Galactokinase catalyzes the second step in this pathway, namely the conversion of alpha-D-galactose to galactose 1-phosphate. The enzyme has attracted significant research attention because of its important metabolic role, the fact that defects in the human enzyme can result in the diseased state referred to as galactosemia, and most recently for its utilization via ‘directed evolution’ to create new natural and unnatural sugar 1-phosphates. Additionally, galactokinase-like molecules have been shown to act as sensors for the intracellular concentration of galactose and, under suitable conditions, to function as transcriptional regulators. This review focuses on the recent X-ray crystallographic analyses of galactokinase and places the molecular architecture of this protein in context with the extensive biochemical data that have accumulated over the last 40 years regarding this fascinating small molecule kinase.
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences – Springer Journals
Published: Jan 1, 2004
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.