FLEXIBLE CULM 1 encoding a cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase controls culm mechanical strength in rice

FLEXIBLE CULM 1 encoding a cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase controls culm mechanical strength in rice Culm mechanical strength is an important agronomic trait in crop breeding. To understand the molecular mechanisms that control culm mechanical strength, we identified a flexible culm1 (fc1) mutant by screening a rice T-DNA insertion mutant library. This mutant exhibited an abnormal development phenotype, including late heading time, semi-dwarf habit, and flexible culm. In this study, we cloned the FLEXIBLE CULM1 (FC1) gene in rice using a T-DNA tagging approach. FC1 encodes a cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase and is mainly expressed in the sclerenchyma cells of the secondary cell wall and vascular bundle region. In these types of cells, a deficiency of FC1 in the fc1 mutant caused a reduction in cell wall thickness, as well as a decrease in lignin. Extracts from the first internodes and panicles of the fc1 plants exhibited drastically reduced cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Further histological and biochemical analyses revealed that the p-hydroxyphenyl and guaiacyl monomers in fc1 cell wall were reduced greatly. Our results indicated that FC1 plays an important role in the biosynthesis of lignin and the control of culm strength in rice. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Plant Molecular Biology Springer Journals

FLEXIBLE CULM 1 encoding a cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase controls culm mechanical strength in rice

13 pages
Read Article

Loading next page...
 
/lp/springer-journals/flexible-culm-1-encoding-a-cinnamyl-alcohol-dehydrogenase-controls-DavKkd2Tuw
Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 by Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Subject
Life Sciences; Plant Pathology; Biochemistry, general; Plant Sciences
ISSN
0167-4412
eISSN
1573-5028
D.O.I.
10.1007/s11103-008-9448-8
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Culm mechanical strength is an important agronomic trait in crop breeding. To understand the molecular mechanisms that control culm mechanical strength, we identified a flexible culm1 (fc1) mutant by screening a rice T-DNA insertion mutant library. This mutant exhibited an abnormal development phenotype, including late heading time, semi-dwarf habit, and flexible culm. In this study, we cloned the FLEXIBLE CULM1 (FC1) gene in rice using a T-DNA tagging approach. FC1 encodes a cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase and is mainly expressed in the sclerenchyma cells of the secondary cell wall and vascular bundle region. In these types of cells, a deficiency of FC1 in the fc1 mutant caused a reduction in cell wall thickness, as well as a decrease in lignin. Extracts from the first internodes and panicles of the fc1 plants exhibited drastically reduced cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Further histological and biochemical analyses revealed that the p-hydroxyphenyl and guaiacyl monomers in fc1 cell wall were reduced greatly. Our results indicated that FC1 plays an important role in the biosynthesis of lignin and the control of culm strength in rice.

Journal

Plant Molecular Biology – Springer Journals

Published: Dec 31, 2008

References

  • Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana
  • Red xylem and higher lignin extractability by down-regulating a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in poplar
    Baucher, M; Chabbert, B; Pilate, G; Doorsselaere, J; Tollier, MT; Petit-Conil, M; Cornu, D; Monties, B; Montagu, M; Inze, D; Jouanin, L; Boerjan, W
  • Down-regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and the effect on lignin composition and digestibility
    Baucher, M; Bernard-Vailhe, MA; Chabbert, B; Besle, JM; Opsomer, C; Montagu, M; Botterman, J
  • Flavonoid accumulation in Arabidopsis repressed in lignin synthesis affects auxin transport and plant growth
    Besseau, S; Hoffmann, L; Geoffroy, P; Lapierre, C; Pollet, B; Legrand, M
  • Lignin biosynthesis
    Boerjan, W; Ralph, J; Baucher, M
  • Molecular characterisation and expression of a wound-inducible cDNA encoding a novel cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)
    Brill, EM; Abrahams, S; Hayes, CM; Jenkins, CL; Watson, JM
  • Identification of novel genes in Arabidopsis involved in secondary cell wall formation using expression profiling and reverse genetics
    Brown, DM; Zeef, LA; Ellis, J; Goodacre, R; Turner, SR
  • Variation in lignin content and composition: mechanisms of control and implications for the genetic improvement of plants
    Campbell, MM; Sederoff, RR
  • Strong decrease in lignin content without significant alteration of plant development is induced by simultaneous down-regulation of cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in tobacco plants
    Chabannes, M; Barakate, A; Lapierre, C; Marita, JM; Ralph, J; Pean, M; Danoun, S; Halpin, C; Grima-Pettenati, J; Boudet, AM
  • Physiological flash flooding
    Chaturvedi, GS; Misra, CH; Singh, CN; Pandey, CB; Yadav, VP; Singh, AK; Divivedi, JL; Singh, BB; Singh, RK
  • Promoter mutations of an essential gene for pollen development result in disease resistance in rice
    Chu, Z; Yuan, M; Yao, J; Ge, X; Yuan, B; Xu, C; Li, X; Fu, B; Li, Z; Bennetzen, JL; Zhang, Q; Wang, S
  • RNA-RNA in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled probes: the use of high-molecular-weight polyvinyl alcohol in the alkaline phosphatase indoxyl-nitroblue tetrazolium reaction
    Block, M; Debrouwer, D
  • Lignification and lignin topochemistry: an ultrastructural view
    Donaldson, LA
  • Manipulation of lignin quality by downregulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase
    Halpin, C; Knight, ME; Foxon, GA; Campbell, MM; Boudet, AM; Boon, JJ; Chabbert, B; Tollier, M-T; Schuch, W
  • Brown-midrib maize (bm1): a mutation affecting the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene
    Halpin, C; Holt, K; Chojecki, J; Oliver, D; Chabbert, B; Monties, B; Edwards, K; Barakate, A; Foxon, GA
  • Efficient transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) mediated by Agrobacterium and sequence analysis of the boundaries of the T-DNA
    Hiei, Y; Ohta, S; Komari, T; Kumashiro, T
  • The map-based sequence of the rice genome
  • Downregulation of cinnamoyl CoA reductase induces significant changes of lignin profiles in transgenic tobacco plants
    Joël Piquemal, CL; Myton, K; O’Connell, A; Schuch, W; Grima Pettenati, J; Boudet, AM
  • Cloning and characterization of irregular xylem4 (irx4): a severely lignin-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis
    Jones, L; Ennos, AR; Turner, SR
  • Identification and characterisation of cDNA clones encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from tobacco
    Knight, ME; Halpin, C; Schuch, W
  • BRITTLE CULM1, which encodes a COBRA-like protein, affects the mechanical properties of rice plants
    Li, Y; Qian, Q; Zhou, Y; Yan, M; Sun, L; Zhang, M; Fu, Z; Wang, Y; Han, B; Pang, X; Chen, M; Li, J
  • Efficient isolation and mapping of Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insert junctions by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR
    Liu, YG; Mitsukawa, N; Osumi, T; Whittier, RF
  • A genome-wide analysis of wide compatibility in rice and the precise location of the S5 locus in the molecular map
    Liu, KD; Wang, J; Li, HB; Xu, CG; Liu, AM; Li, XH; Zhang, Q
  • Derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC method), a new method for lignin analysis: protocol for analysis of DFRC monomers
    Lu, FC; Ralph, J
  • Purification and properties of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from higher plants involved in lignin biosynthesis
    Mansell, RL; Gross, GG; Stoeckigt, J; Franke, H; Zenk, MH
  • Unravelling cell wall formation in the woody dicot stem
    Mellerowicz, EJ; Baucher, M; Sundberg, B; Boerjan, W
  • Deficiency in fatty acid synthase leads to premature cell death and dramatic alterations in plant morphology
    Mou, Z; He, Y; Dai, Y; Liu, X; Li, J
  • Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA
    Murray, MG; Thompson, WF
  • Structure and biogenesis of the cell walls of grasses
    Nicholas, NC
  • Abnormal lignin in a loblolly pine mutant
    Ralph, J; MacKay, JJ; Hatfield, RD; O’Malley, DM; Whetten, RW; Sederoff, RR
  • Lodging of straw and its inheritance in rice (O. sativa)
    Ramaiah, K; Mudaliar, SD
  • Laccase down-regulation causes alterations in phenolic metabolism and cell wall structure in poplar
    Ranocha, P; Chabannes, M; Chamayou, S; Danoun, S; Jauneau, A; Boudet, AM; Goffner, D
  • Expression pattern of two paralogs encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases in Arabidopsis: isolation and characterization of the corresponding mutants
    Sibout, R; Eudes, A; Pollet, B; Goujon, T; Mila, I; Granier, F; Seguin, A; Lapierre, C; Jouanin, L
  • CINNAMYL ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE-C and -D are the primary genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in the floral stem of Arabidopsis
    Sibout, R; Eudes, A; Mouille, G; Pollet, B; Lapierre, C; Jouanin, L; Seguin, A
  • Cellulose synthesis in the Arabidopsis secondary cell wall
    Taylor, NG; Gardiner, JC; Whiteman, R; Turner, SR
  • Structure of the cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase gene family in rice and promoter activity of a member associated with lignification
    Tobias, CM; Chow, EK
  • Collapsed xylem phenotype of Arabidopsis identifies mutants deficient in cellulose deposition in the secondary cell wall
    Turner, SR; Somerville, CR
  • Semimicro determination of cellulose in biological materials
    Updegraff, DM
  • Development of enhancer trap lines for functional analysis of the rice genome
    Wu, C; Li, X; Yuan, W; Chen, G; Kilian, A; Li, J; Xu, C; Li, X; Zhou, DX; Wang, S; Zhang, Q
  • GOLD HULL AND INTERNODE2 encodes a primarily multifunctional cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase in rice
    Zhang, K; Qian, Q; Huang, Z; Wang, Y; Li, M; Hong, L; Zeng, D; Gu, M; Chu, C; Cheng, Z
  • Evaluation of progress in selection for stalk quality
    Zuber, M

You’re reading a free preview. Subscribe to read the entire article.

Try 2 weeks free now

DeepDyve is your
personal research library

It’s your single place to instantly
discover and read the research
that matters to you.

Enjoy affordable access to
over 18 million articles from more than
15,000 peer-reviewed journals.

All for just $49/month

Explore the DeepDyve Library

or browse the journals available

Search

Query the DeepDyve database, plus search all of PubMed and Google Scholar seamlessly

Organize

Save any article or search result from DeepDyve, PubMed, and Google Scholar... all in one place.

Access

Get unlimited, online access to over 18 million full-text articles from more than 15,000 scientific journals.

Your journals are on DeepDyve

Read from thousands of the leading scholarly journals from SpringerNature, Elsevier, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford University Press and more.

All the latest content is available, no embargo periods.

See the journals in your area

DeepDyve

Freelancer

DeepDyve

Pro

Price

FREE

$49/month
$360/year

Save searches from
Google Scholar,
PubMed

Create folders to
organize your research

Export folders, citations

Read DeepDyve articles

Abstract access only

Unlimited access to over
18 million full-text articles

Print

20 pages / month

PDF Discount

20% off

Sign up
for free
Start 14 day
Free Trial