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Estimating ‘noise-floor PSD’ by using two or three collocated seismometers: an alternative approach

Estimating ‘noise-floor PSD’ by using two or three collocated seismometers: an alternative approach The revolutionary approach to determining self-noise of the test seismometer by the use of two additional seismometers was presented by Sleeman et al (Bull Seismol Soc Am 96(1):258–271, 2006). Yet nowadays there are common situations where only two seismometers are installed side by side. This article thus outlines the various procedures that can be used in such situations. As it will be shown by examples, these procedures do not provide independent information unlike those given by three-seismometer procedures, however they still provide relevant data that can be used to assess the condition of the tested seismometers. Three equations are presented, that can be used in two-seismometer approach. The Eqs. 1 and 2 are already explained in the article (Tasič and Runovc in J Seismol 16:183–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-011-9257-4, 2012) The Eq. 3, which represents the “average self-noise”, differs from the equation “average self-noise” from the previously described article. Experimentally we found that the latter equation is not consistent with the results obtained for the “average self-noise” with the Sleeman procedure, while the equation for the “average self-noise” presented in this article is consistent with it. It is consistent in the frequency interval, where PSD of the seismic signal is at least 5 dB above the seismometers self-noises and it is very suitable for situations where two seismometers of the same type are compared between each other. This paper also presents an alternative three-seismometers approach. It is derived from the aforementioned Eq. 3. For this reason, at the frequency interval, where PSD of the seismic signal is at least 5 dB above the seismometers self-noises the output from this algorithm should be in accordance with the output from algorithm of Sleeman et al (Bull Seismol Soc Am 96(1):258–271, 2006). If there are deviations in certain frequency interval, this indicates some irregularities in the test itself. Under optimal measuring conditions, the Sleeman procedure is sufficient. However, if the test conditions are suboptimal, a comparison between the two procedures, where one contains division and the other does not, may be used to estimate the frequency range where the results are not reliable. Alternative equations, presented in this paper, are useful to discover unknown errors of the test system. The applicability of the equations is given by examples. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png "Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica" Springer Journals

Estimating ‘noise-floor PSD’ by using two or three collocated seismometers: an alternative approach

Tasič, Izidor
"Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica" , Volume 55 (3) – Sep 13, 2020
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Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © Akadémiai Kiadó 2020
ISSN
2213-5812
eISSN
2213-5820
DOI
10.1007/s40328-020-00309-1
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Abstract

The revolutionary approach to determining self-noise of the test seismometer by the use of two additional seismometers was presented by Sleeman et al (Bull Seismol Soc Am 96(1):258–271, 2006). Yet nowadays there are common situations where only two seismometers are installed side by side. This article thus outlines the various procedures that can be used in such situations. As it will be shown by examples, these procedures do not provide independent information unlike those given by three-seismometer procedures, however they still provide relevant data that can be used to assess the condition of the tested seismometers. Three equations are presented, that can be used in two-seismometer approach. The Eqs. 1 and 2 are already explained in the article (Tasič and Runovc in J Seismol 16:183–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-011-9257-4, 2012) The Eq. 3, which represents the “average self-noise”, differs from the equation “average self-noise” from the previously described article. Experimentally we found that the latter equation is not consistent with the results obtained for the “average self-noise” with the Sleeman procedure, while the equation for the “average self-noise” presented in this article is consistent with it. It is consistent in the frequency interval, where PSD of the seismic signal is at least 5 dB above the seismometers self-noises and it is very suitable for situations where two seismometers of the same type are compared between each other. This paper also presents an alternative three-seismometers approach. It is derived from the aforementioned Eq. 3. For this reason, at the frequency interval, where PSD of the seismic signal is at least 5 dB above the seismometers self-noises the output from this algorithm should be in accordance with the output from algorithm of Sleeman et al (Bull Seismol Soc Am 96(1):258–271, 2006). If there are deviations in certain frequency interval, this indicates some irregularities in the test itself. Under optimal measuring conditions, the Sleeman procedure is sufficient. However, if the test conditions are suboptimal, a comparison between the two procedures, where one contains division and the other does not, may be used to estimate the frequency range where the results are not reliable. Alternative equations, presented in this paper, are useful to discover unknown errors of the test system. The applicability of the equations is given by examples.

Journal

"Acta Geodaetica et Geophysica" – Springer Journals

Published: Sep 13, 2020

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