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Donor-Derived Leukemia in a Recipient of Double-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Study and Literature Review

Donor-Derived Leukemia in a Recipient of Double-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation for Acute Myeloid... We report a case of donor-derived leukemia (DDL) occurring 34 months after double-unit cord blood transplantation (CBT). Molecular analysis using short tandem repeat (STR) sequences proved the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to be of dominant cord blood origin. Karyotype was normal and molecular analysis showed WT1 and EVI1 overexpression. Cytological and molecular remission were achieved with only induction and consolidation chemotherapy. Relapse occurred after 6 years of remission from one clone with only WT1 overexpression. Potential etiologies for donor cell leukemogenesis in the recipient are discussed, including occult leukemia in the donor or genetic predisposition to hematologic malignancies, impaired immune surveillance, induced or inherited stromal abnormalities, transformation of donor cells during engraftment via altered signals of the host tissues, and fusion of donor cells with residual leukemic cells leading to acquisition of oncogenes. Although cases of DDL occurring after umbilical CBT have already been reported, very few cases have been described arising after double-unit CBT. DDL cases following CBT previously described in the literature have been reviewed. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Oncology and Therapy Springer Journals

Donor-Derived Leukemia in a Recipient of Double-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Study and Literature Review

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References (27)

Publisher
Springer Journals
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2022
ISSN
2366-1070
eISSN
2366-1089
DOI
10.1007/s40487-021-00180-2
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

We report a case of donor-derived leukemia (DDL) occurring 34 months after double-unit cord blood transplantation (CBT). Molecular analysis using short tandem repeat (STR) sequences proved the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to be of dominant cord blood origin. Karyotype was normal and molecular analysis showed WT1 and EVI1 overexpression. Cytological and molecular remission were achieved with only induction and consolidation chemotherapy. Relapse occurred after 6 years of remission from one clone with only WT1 overexpression. Potential etiologies for donor cell leukemogenesis in the recipient are discussed, including occult leukemia in the donor or genetic predisposition to hematologic malignancies, impaired immune surveillance, induced or inherited stromal abnormalities, transformation of donor cells during engraftment via altered signals of the host tissues, and fusion of donor cells with residual leukemic cells leading to acquisition of oncogenes. Although cases of DDL occurring after umbilical CBT have already been reported, very few cases have been described arising after double-unit CBT. DDL cases following CBT previously described in the literature have been reviewed.

Journal

Oncology and TherapySpringer Journals

Published: Jun 1, 2022

Keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia; Donor-derived leukemia; Double-unit cord blood transplantation; Dysmyelopoiesis; Treatment

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