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Cliff (1993) has proposed the use of a measure of effect size alternative to traditionalmean differences: δ {? = Pr(xi1 > xj2) - Pr(xi1 < xj2)}which, taken a pair of values, xi1 and xj2, from the first and second populations respectively, gives the probability that the value from the first populationis higher than the one from the second, minus the probability of the inverse, which is,in fact, an alternative measure of effect size. In this paper we test, using computersimulation techniques, the robustness and power of Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney's U,and Cliff's d statistics with samples of equal and unequal sizes under homoscedasticityand heteroscedasticity. We conclude that d test looks like a good alternative to traditionalmean tests, not only because it is not so much restricted by the parametric assumptions, but because it tests an effect size indicator which is nearer to researchers' real interests.
Quality & Quantity – Springer Journals
Published: Oct 17, 2004
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