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R. Wade, J. Weerts, J. Gore, W. Eckerle (1999)
EFFERVESCENT ATOMIZATION AT INJECTION PRESSURES IN THE MPa RANGEAtomization and Sprays, 9
Kuo-Cheng Lin, C. Carter (2014)
Characterization of Aerated-Liquid Jets Using Simultaneous X-Ray Radiography and X-Ray Fluorescence Measurements
J. Kim, Sang Lee (2001)
Dependence of spraying performance on the internal flow pattern in effervescent atomizersAtomization and Sprays, 11
M. Linne, M. Paciaroni, E. Berrocal, D. Sedarsky (2009)
Ballistic imaging of liquid breakup processes in dense sprays, 32
Kuo-Cheng Lin, C. Carter, Stephen Smith, A. Kastengren (2012)
Exploration of Aerated-Liquid Jets Using X-Ray Radiography
J. Whitlow, A. Lefebvre (1993)
EFFERVESCENT ATOMIZER OPERATION AND SPRAY CHARACTERISTICSAtomization and Sprays, 3
Ilass Europe, A. Coghe, G. Cossali (2008)
Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems
Kuo-Cheng Lin, S. Peltier, C. Carter, J. Donbar, A. Kastengren (2016)
Exploration of Liquid Mass Distribution for Liquid Jets in Subsonic Crossflows Using X-Ray Radiography
L. Pegram, M. Record (2006)
Partitioning of atmospherically relevant ions between bulk water and the water/vapor interfaceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103
M. Linne, D. Sedarsky, T. Meyer, J. Gord, C. Carter (2010)
Ballistic imaging in the near-field of an effervescent sprayExperiments in Fluids, 49
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Effervescent atomizationProg Energy Combust Sci, 27
G. Faeth, L. Hsiang, P. Wu (1995)
Structure and breakup properties of spraysInternational Journal of Multiphase Flow, 21
JY Kim, SY Lee (2001)
Dependence of spraying performance on the internal flow pattern in effervescent atomizersAt Sprays, 11
P. Wu, G. Ruff, G. Faeth (1991)
Primary breakup in liquid/gas mixing layers, 29
Kuo-Cheng Lin, P. Kennedy, T. Jackson (2002)
Structures of Aerated-Liquid Jets in High-Speed Crossflows
C. Dasch (1992)
One-dimensional tomography: a comparison of Abel, onion-peeling, and filtered backprojection methods.Applied optics, 31 8
D. Olinger, K. Sallam, Kuo-Cheng Lin, C. Carter (2014)
Digital Holographic Analysis of the Near Field of Aerated-Liquid Jets in CrossflowJournal of Propulsion and Power, 30
I. Abdulagatov, N. Azizov (2006)
Experimental Study of the Effect of Temperature, Pressure and Concentration on the Viscosity of Aqueous NaBr SolutionsJournal of Solution Chemistry, 35
H. Buckner, P. Sojka (1991)
EFFERVESCENT ATOMIZATION OF HIGH-VISCOSITY FLUIDS: PART II. NON-NEWTONIAN LIQUIDSAtomization and Sprays, 1
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Liquid Jet Injection into a Supersonic FlowAIAA Journal
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Describing Uncertainties in Single-Sample ExperimentsMechanical Engineering, 75
Kuo-Cheng Lin, P. Kennedy, T. Jackson (2001)
Structures of internal flow and the corresponding spray for aerated-liquid injectors
Jaiho Lee, K. Sallam, Kuo-Cheng Lin, C. Carter (2008)
Spray Structure in Near-Injector Region of Aerated Jet in Subsonic Crossflow
A. Lefebvre, X. Wang, C. Martín (1988)
Spray characteristics of aerated-liquid pressure atomizersJournal of Propulsion and Power, 4
K. Kirkendalf, T. Jackson, Wright-Patterson Afb (1999)
SPRAY STRUCTURES OF AERATED LIQUID FUEL JETS IN SUPERSONIC CROSSFLOWS
A. Fabian, E. Hu, L. Cowie, J. Grindlay (1981)
The distribution and morphology of X-ray emitting gas in the core of the Perseus cluster.The Astrophysical Journal, 248
T. Mathur, Kuo-Cheng Lin, P. Kennedy, M. Gruber, J. Donbar, T. Jackson, F. Billig (2000)
Liquid JP-7 combustion in a scramjet combustor
Kuo-Cheng Lin, C. Carter, A. Kastengren, S. Peltier (2015)
Exploration of Gas Phase Properties in Aerated-Liquid Jets Using X-Ray Fluorescence
A. Kastengren, C. Powell (2014)
Synchrotron X-ray techniques for fluid dynamicsExperiments in Fluids, 55
(2010)
Exploration of Near-Field Structures of Aerated-Liquid Jets in a Quiescent Environment Using the X-Ray Technique
P. Santangelo, P. Sojka (1995)
A HOLOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION OF THE NEAR-NOZZLE STRUCTURE OF AN EFFERVESCENT ATOMIZER-PRODUCED SPRAYAtomization and Sprays, 5
Debjyoti Sen, Miguel Balzan, D. Nobes, B. Fleck (2014)
Bubble formation and flow instability in an effervescent atomizerJournal of Visualization, 17
K. Sallam, C. Aalburg, G. Faeth, Kuo-Cheng Lin, C. Carter, T. Jackson (2006)
PRIMARY BREAKUP OF ROUND AERATED-LIQUID JETS IN SUPERSONIC CROSSFLOWSAtomization and Sprays, 16
Chord D(y) uncertainty of Case A, showing only the left half of the aerating region
A. Kastengren, C. Powell, D. Arms, E. Dufresne, Jin Wang (2010)
Spray Diagnostics at the Advanced Photon Source 7-BM Beamline
In the present study, the internal flowfield of aerated-liquid fuel injectors is examined through X-ray radiography and X-ray fluorescence. An inside–out injector, consisting of a perforated aerating tube within an annular liquid stream, sprays into a quiescent environment at a fixed mass flow rate of water and nitrogen gas. The liquid is doped with bromine (in the form of NaBr) to create an X-ray fluorescence signal. This allows for reasonable absorption and fluorescence signals, and one or both diagnostics can be used to track the liquid distribution. The injector housing is fabricated from beryllium (Be), which allows the internal flowfield to be examined (as Be has relatively low X-ray attenuation coefficient). Two injector geometries are compared, illustrating the effects of aerating orifice size and location on the flow evolution. Time-averaged equivalent pathlength and line-of-sight averaged density ρ(y) reveal the formation of the two-phase mixture, showing that the liquid film thickness along the injector walls is a function of the aerating tube geometry, though only upstream of the nozzle. These differences in gas and liquid distribution (between injectors with different aerating tube designs) are suppressed as the mixture traverses the nozzle contraction. The averaged liquid velocity (computed from the density and liquid mass flow rate) reveals a similar trend. This suggests that at least for the current configurations, the plume width, liquid mass distribution, and averaged liquid velocity for the time-averaged external spray are insensitive to the aerating tube geometry.
Experiments in Fluids – Springer Journals
Published: Aug 2, 2017
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