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[In this chapter, we extend our argument by exploring the history of policing of football matches in England and Wales. We trace its origins within the development and centralisation of public order policing in response to protest and urban disorder that took place from the 1960s onwards and identify how local autonomy over football policing operations has been gradually superseded by the creation of national training and guidance and the establishment of national organisations, including the National Football Intelligence Unit/United Kingdom Football Policing Unit (UKFPU). We explain the structures and processes of football policing operations, the role of the key personnel, and detail how the criminal intelligence, that drives much of how football is policed, is developed and how these assessments inform risk assessment and deployment. We argue that while operations claim to be ‘intelligence-led’, many do not live up to this label, relying on poor quality and often superfluous information. Moreover, this weak intelligence combines with long-standing structural, staffing, funding, and accountability challenges, which mean that high-profile matches are likely to be over-resourced, causing unnecessary expense, and disruption to everyday policing activities.]
Published: Dec 13, 2022
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