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A PEG/copper(i) halide cluster as an eco-friendly catalytic system for CN bond formation

A PEG/copper(i) halide cluster as an eco-friendly catalytic system for CN bond formation The catalytic activities of eight copper(i) halide clusters assembled from copper(i) halide and ferrocenyltelluroethers, 18, were investigated in CN formation under various conditions. A catalytic procedure using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-400) as a greener alternative organic solvent has been developed. The PEG-400/5 system can achieve 99% targeted yield with a mild reaction temperature and short reaction time. After the isolation of the products by extraction with diethyl ether, this PEG-400/cluster system could be easily recycled. Spectroscopic studies elucidate a stepwise mechanism: firstly, proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) involving the transfer of an electron from Cu+ and a proton from imidazole results in the formation of a labile penta-coordinated Cu2+ and aryl radical; the following effective electron transfer from the ferrocene unit reduces Cu2+ and forms the target product; finally, the ferrocenium unit is reduced by the I anion. The merits of this eco-friendly synthesis are the efficient utilization of reagents and easy recyclability. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Dalton Transactions Royal Society of Chemistry

A PEG/copper(i) halide cluster as an eco-friendly catalytic system for CN bond formation

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Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry
Copyright
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry
ISSN
1477-9226
eISSN
1477-9234
DOI
10.1039/c8dt01310a
pmid
29786101
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

The catalytic activities of eight copper(i) halide clusters assembled from copper(i) halide and ferrocenyltelluroethers, 18, were investigated in CN formation under various conditions. A catalytic procedure using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-400) as a greener alternative organic solvent has been developed. The PEG-400/5 system can achieve 99% targeted yield with a mild reaction temperature and short reaction time. After the isolation of the products by extraction with diethyl ether, this PEG-400/cluster system could be easily recycled. Spectroscopic studies elucidate a stepwise mechanism: firstly, proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) involving the transfer of an electron from Cu+ and a proton from imidazole results in the formation of a labile penta-coordinated Cu2+ and aryl radical; the following effective electron transfer from the ferrocene unit reduces Cu2+ and forms the target product; finally, the ferrocenium unit is reduced by the I anion. The merits of this eco-friendly synthesis are the efficient utilization of reagents and easy recyclability.

Journal

Dalton TransactionsRoyal Society of Chemistry

Published: May 22, 2018

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