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ETTIENNE Contractility Control in Spirostomum
L. Heilbrunn, F. Wiercinski (1947)
The action of various cations of muscle protoplasm.The Biological bulletin, 91 02
A. Jones (1966)
Uptake of 45-calcium by Spirostomum ambiguum.The Journal of protozoology, 13 3
J. Hastings, G. Mitchell, P. Mattingly, John Blinks, M. Leeuwen (1969)
Response of Aequorin Bioluminescence to Rapid Changes in Calcium ConcentrationNature, 222
O. Shimomura, O. Shimomura, F. Johnson, F. Johnson, Y. Saiga, Y. Saiga (1962)
Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea.Journal of cellular and comparative physiology, 59
S. Bien, F. Preston (1968)
Calcification of Spirostomum ambiguum.The Journal of protozoology, 15 2
(1962)
Physiological gradients in the infusarium Spirostomum ambiguum, Tsito
F. Pautard (1959)
Hydroxyapatite as a developmental feature of Spirostomum ambiguum.Biochimica et biophysica acta, 35
H. Finley, C. Brown, W. Daniel (1964)
Electron Microscopy of the Ectoplasm and Infraciliature of Spirostomum ambiguumJournal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 11
R. Yagiu, Y. Shigenaka (1963)
Electron Microscopy of the Longitudinal Fibrillar Bundle and the Contractile Fibrillar System in Spirostomum ambiguumJournal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 10
F. Jöbsis, M. O’Connor (1966)
Calcium release and reabsorption in the sartorius muscle of the toad.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 25 2
O. Shimomura, F. Johnson, Y. Saiga (1963)
Microdetermination of Calcium by Aequorin LuminescenceScience, 140
L. Heilbrunn (1940)
The Action of Calcium on Muscle ProtoplasmPhysiological Zoology, 13
A. Weber (1966)
Energized Calcium Transport and Relaxing Factors, 1
E. Ridgway, C. Ashley (1967)
Calcium transients in single muscle fibers.Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 29 2
Alick Jones, T. Jahn, J. Fonseca (1966)
Contraction of protoplasm. I. Cinematographic analysis of the anodally stimulated contraction of spirostomum ambiguumJournal of Cellular Physiology, 68
(1938)
Electrical stimulation of Spirostomum
A. Jones (1967)
Calcium and phosphorus accumulation in Spirostomum ambiguum.The Journal of protozoology, 14 2
Osamu Shimomura, Frank Johnson, Yo Saiga (1963)
FURTHER DATA ON THE BIOLUMINESCENT PROTEIN, AEQUORIN.Journal of cellular and comparative physiology, 62
The freshwater protozoan, Spirostomum ambiguum , exhibits generalized contraction when electrically stimulated with a DC pulse. Light and electron microscopic studies show a subcortical filamentous network, believed responsible for generating contractile tension, in association with vesicles which were shown to accumulate calcium oxalate precipitates. Organisms microinjected with the calcium-sensitive, bioluminescent protein, aequorin, emit light when stimulated to contract. Analyses of cinefilm records of electrically induced contraction indicate that contraction may occur up to 25 msec after the onset of stimulation at a point when the calcium-aequorin light emission is at a peak. The evidence shows that calcium release from an interval compartment is directly associated with the onset of contraction in Spirostomum , and that the removal of calcium, through some internal sequestering mechanism, signals relaxation. Footnotes Submitted: 19 September 1969
The Journal of General Physiology – Rockefeller University Press
Published: Aug 1, 1970
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