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Subcapsular Hematomasâ and subcapsular or perirenal hematoma is a relatively uncommon but often diagnostically challenging condition. The appropriate treatment of these patients is based first on the diagnosis that a subcapsular or perirenal hemorrhage has occurred and second on the determination of its cause. Accurate diagnosis of the cause requires a combination of clinical information and radiologic imaging. Computed tomography (CT) or sonography can readily demonstrate that a subcapsular or perirenal hematoma has occurred because the kidney and perirenal spaces are so well visualized with these techniques. The cause of the hemorrhage, however, may be somewhat more difficult to ascertain. From the clinical history, one should be able to exclude trauma and to determine whether the patient has been taking anticoagulation medication; has a bleeding diathesis, arteritis, or tuberous sclerosis; or is undergoing longterm hemodialysis, since these conditions are associated with perirenal bleeding. Establishment of other causes depends on renal imaging for diagnosis. Renal cell carcinoma, angiomyolipoma, arteriovenous malformation, renal artery aneurysms (including arteritis), renal infarction, abscess, and ruptured cyst are all associated with spontaneous renal hematoma. One of the difficult challenges in these cases is that a small number of hemorrhages are idiopathic (ie, without a demonstrable
Radiology – Radiological Society of North America, Inc.
Published: Sep 1, 1989
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