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Contrast-Loaded Gelatin Spherules

Contrast-Loaded Gelatin Spherules Contrast-Loaded Gelatin Spherules Preliminary Report on a New Particulate Radiographic Contrast Medium for Experimental Flow Pattern Studies 1 Thorkild Mygind , M.D. 2 ↵ 2 Fellow in Radiology-Physiology Research, Temple University School of Medicine; NIH General Research Support Grant 1 SOI FR-5417-04-5. Excerpt Radiographie motion studies of particulate contrast materials injected into the blood stream have been used by several investigators to obtain detailed information about flow patterns in the vessels of animals (1–7, 11, 14, 15). In most instances the radiopaque material has been an iodized oil which, when injected into the blood stream, will form discrete droplets (1, 2, 4–7, 11, 14, 15). McDonald in his high-speed cinematography studies of trans-illuminated vessels also employed oil droplets as a particulate contrast material (9, 10, 13). The oil droplets have the disadvantage, however, of being an insoluble substance which will eventually occlude a number of small vessels. Dependent on their amount and location, these embolic obstructions may seriously affect the experimental animal. Dotter and Frische (1958) experimented with soluble contrast particles of Urokon sodium and dextrose formed into small (1–2 mm diameter) solid pellets. After intravenous injection, these became trapped in medium-size pulmonary arteries and eventually dissolved in from ten seconds to two minutes without observed effects on the animal (3). In the Radiology-Physiology Laboratory of Temple University School of Medicine, a technic of cinefiuorographic analysis of particulate contrast material movement in the blood stream has been developed (5, 6). In recent years the main interests of these studies have been the blood flow patterns in the left heart, aorta, and systemic arteries (1, 7, 11, 12). The eventual embolic arrest of particulate contrast materials injected into the circulation is apt to take place in vital organs; such as myocardium, brain, spinal cord, and kidneys. In these organs even temporary vascular occlusions are likely to induce functional changes or circulatory disturbances affecting the experimental results, immediately or in follow-up studies and repeated examinations. Thus the need exists for soluble contrast particles which will demonstrate the flow patterns in large and medium-size arteries, yet with a dissolution time so short that the main bulk of the contrast material never reaches the small vessels in particulate form, and the few particles which eventually do enter small vessels will dissolve before any embolic occlusion occurs. A search was made for a preparation with these properties. principles of method A chilled solution of gelatin (actually a gel) split into discrete sphere-shaped particles, 0.5–3.5 mm in diameter, each acting as a carrier of a small amount of water-soluble contrast in solution, seemed to meet the requirements. The former use of gelatin solutions as plasma expanders demonstrates adequately that gelatin can be considered safe to inject into the blood stream. Maurer (1954) has shown that gelatin is a true, but peculiar, antigen. Most humans have antibodies against gelatin in their serum; no untoward reactions occur by its intravenous administration, however, even when the antibody level is raised by sensitization. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Radiology Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

Contrast-Loaded Gelatin Spherules

Mygind, Thorkild
Radiology , Volume 86 (1): 138 – Jan 1, 1966
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Publisher
Radiological Society of North America, Inc.
Copyright
Copyright © 1966 by Radiological Society of North America
ISSN
1527-1315
eISSN
0033-8419
DOI
10.1148/86.1.138
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Contrast-Loaded Gelatin Spherules Preliminary Report on a New Particulate Radiographic Contrast Medium for Experimental Flow Pattern Studies 1 Thorkild Mygind , M.D. 2 ↵ 2 Fellow in Radiology-Physiology Research, Temple University School of Medicine; NIH General Research Support Grant 1 SOI FR-5417-04-5. Excerpt Radiographie motion studies of particulate contrast materials injected into the blood stream have been used by several investigators to obtain detailed information about flow patterns in the vessels of animals (1–7, 11, 14, 15). In most instances the radiopaque material has been an iodized oil which, when injected into the blood stream, will form discrete droplets (1, 2, 4–7, 11, 14, 15). McDonald in his high-speed cinematography studies of trans-illuminated vessels also employed oil droplets as a particulate contrast material (9, 10, 13). The oil droplets have the disadvantage, however, of being an insoluble substance which will eventually occlude a number of small vessels. Dependent on their amount and location, these embolic obstructions may seriously affect the experimental animal. Dotter and Frische (1958) experimented with soluble contrast particles of Urokon sodium and dextrose formed into small (1–2 mm diameter) solid pellets. After intravenous injection, these became trapped in medium-size pulmonary arteries and eventually dissolved in from ten seconds to two minutes without observed effects on the animal (3). In the Radiology-Physiology Laboratory of Temple University School of Medicine, a technic of cinefiuorographic analysis of particulate contrast material movement in the blood stream has been developed (5, 6). In recent years the main interests of these studies have been the blood flow patterns in the left heart, aorta, and systemic arteries (1, 7, 11, 12). The eventual embolic arrest of particulate contrast materials injected into the circulation is apt to take place in vital organs; such as myocardium, brain, spinal cord, and kidneys. In these organs even temporary vascular occlusions are likely to induce functional changes or circulatory disturbances affecting the experimental results, immediately or in follow-up studies and repeated examinations. Thus the need exists for soluble contrast particles which will demonstrate the flow patterns in large and medium-size arteries, yet with a dissolution time so short that the main bulk of the contrast material never reaches the small vessels in particulate form, and the few particles which eventually do enter small vessels will dissolve before any embolic occlusion occurs. A search was made for a preparation with these properties. principles of method A chilled solution of gelatin (actually a gel) split into discrete sphere-shaped particles, 0.5–3.5 mm in diameter, each acting as a carrier of a small amount of water-soluble contrast in solution, seemed to meet the requirements. The former use of gelatin solutions as plasma expanders demonstrates adequately that gelatin can be considered safe to inject into the blood stream. Maurer (1954) has shown that gelatin is a true, but peculiar, antigen. Most humans have antibodies against gelatin in their serum; no untoward reactions occur by its intravenous administration, however, even when the antibody level is raised by sensitization.

Journal

Radiology – Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

Published: Jan 1, 1966

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