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The exposome concept in a human nutrigenomics study: evaluating the impact of exposure to a complex mixture of phytochemicals using transcriptomics signatures

The exposome concept in a human nutrigenomics study: evaluating the impact of exposure to a... AbstractThe application of transcriptome analyses in molecular epidemiology studies has become a promising tool in order to evaluate the impact of environmental exposures. These analyses have a great value in establishing the exposome, the totality of human exposures, both by identifying the chemical nature of the exposures and the induced molecular responses. Transcriptomic signatures can be regarded as biomarker of exposure as well as markers of effect which reflect the interaction between individual genetic background and exposure levels. However, the biological interpretation of modulated gene expression profiles is a challenging task and translating affected molecular pathways into risk assessment, for instance in terms of cancer promoting or disease preventing responses, is a far from standardised process. Here, we describe the in-depth analyses of the gene expression responses in a human dietary intervention in which the interaction between genotype and exposure to a blueberry–apple juice containing a complex mixture of phytochemicals is investigated. We also describe how data on differences in genetic background combined with different effect markers can provide a better understanding of gene–environment interactions. Pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes in combination with gene were used to identify complex but strong changes in several biological processes like immune response, cell adhesion, lipid metabolism and apoptosis. These observed changes may lead to upgraded growth control, induced immunity, reduced platelet aggregation and activation, diminished production of reactive oxidative species by platelets, blood glucose homeostasis, regulation of blood lipid levels and increased apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that applying transcriptomics to well-controlled human dietary intervention studies can provide insight into mechanistic pathways involved in disease prevention by dietary factors. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Mutagenesis Oxford University Press

The exposome concept in a human nutrigenomics study: evaluating the impact of exposure to a complex mixture of phytochemicals using transcriptomics signatures

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References (43)

Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the UK Environmental Mutagen Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
ISSN
0267-8357
eISSN
1464-3804
DOI
10.1093/mutage/gev008
pmid
25711498
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

AbstractThe application of transcriptome analyses in molecular epidemiology studies has become a promising tool in order to evaluate the impact of environmental exposures. These analyses have a great value in establishing the exposome, the totality of human exposures, both by identifying the chemical nature of the exposures and the induced molecular responses. Transcriptomic signatures can be regarded as biomarker of exposure as well as markers of effect which reflect the interaction between individual genetic background and exposure levels. However, the biological interpretation of modulated gene expression profiles is a challenging task and translating affected molecular pathways into risk assessment, for instance in terms of cancer promoting or disease preventing responses, is a far from standardised process. Here, we describe the in-depth analyses of the gene expression responses in a human dietary intervention in which the interaction between genotype and exposure to a blueberry–apple juice containing a complex mixture of phytochemicals is investigated. We also describe how data on differences in genetic background combined with different effect markers can provide a better understanding of gene–environment interactions. Pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes in combination with gene were used to identify complex but strong changes in several biological processes like immune response, cell adhesion, lipid metabolism and apoptosis. These observed changes may lead to upgraded growth control, induced immunity, reduced platelet aggregation and activation, diminished production of reactive oxidative species by platelets, blood glucose homeostasis, regulation of blood lipid levels and increased apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that applying transcriptomics to well-controlled human dietary intervention studies can provide insight into mechanistic pathways involved in disease prevention by dietary factors.

Journal

MutagenesisOxford University Press

Published: Nov 1, 2015

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