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SEASONAL PEAR PSYLLA CONTROL STUDY WITH VARIOUS INSECTICIDE PROGRAMS, 2005

SEASONAL PEAR PSYLLA CONTROL STUDY WITH VARIOUS INSECTICIDE PROGRAMS, 2005 (A36) PEAR: Pyrus communis (L.), ‘Bartlett’, ‘Bosc’ and ‘D’Anjou’ Larry A. Hull Penn State FREC Biglerville, PA 17307 Ph: (717) 677-6116 Fax: (717) 677-4112 E-mail: lah4@psu.edu Nicolas Ellis E-mail: nhe101@psu.edu Pear psylla (PP): Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster) Experimental and registered insecticides were evaluated for their activity against pear psylla. Each treatment was applied to a 3-row x 3-4-tree replicated plots in a block of ‘Bartlett’ (84%), ‘Bosc’ (9%), and ‘D’Anjou’ (7%) pears. Trees were planted to a spacing of 24 × 24 ft and were 26 years old. Each treatment was replicated four times on ‘Bartlett’ only in a RCB design. All treatments were applied with a Friend Airblast 393 sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.2 mph. The following spray dates correspond to phenological stages: 15 Apr (GCB = green cluster bud), 20 Apr (WB = white bud), 4 May (PF = petal fall), 7 Jun (second cover), and 21 Jun (third cover) (Table 1). All treatments received an application (100 gpa) of the following materials at the budburst stage (8 Apr): Asana XL 0.66EC (177 ml/acre), Stylet Oil (7.57 liters/acre), and Kocide (2.27 kg/acre). All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Streptomycin, Dithane 75DF, Topsin M 85WDG and Ziram 76WP. The center tree within each plot was evaluated for efficacy of the treatments by counting eggs and nymphs from leaf samples using a binocular microscope under 10× magnification at 7-11 d intervals. Counts were made on 15 spur leaves per replicate tree from 2 May to 23 May; on 7 spur and 8 third most distal unfolded leaves from the base of the shoot per tree on 26 May, and on 15 third most distal unfolded leaves from the base of the shoot per tree from 1 Jun to 6 Jul. The cumulative number of PP nymph days per leaf was determined for each treatment from 2 May to 6 Jul. Adult PP were sampled by making a 2-min observation around the periphery of each center tree. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were separated using Fisher’s Protected LSD (P = 0.05). All treatments applied through petal fall (4 May) significantly reduced the number of PP eggs as compared to the untreated check plot on 1 Jun (Table 2). Calypso, applied on 4 May at two different rates (118.0 ml/acre and 177.0 ml/acre), was effective through mid-May for reducing the incidence of PP nymphs, although the most significant reductions were not observed until 16 May (Table 3). The treatment of A8612 + Stylet Oil, also applied on 4 May, appeared to be slightly more effective on PP nymphs than Agri-Mek + Stylet Oil on 16 May. The applications of Assail and Actara (114 g/acre and 142 g/acre) on 7 Jun provided excellent control of PP nymphs on 9 Jun (Table 3). Calypso at 89 ml/acre and 118 ml/ acre and applied at the same time was not as effective against PP nymphs. The treatment regime of Esteem/A8612/Actara allowed the fewest number of cumulative PP nymph days to occur throughout the study while the regime of Esteem/Assail allowed the highest number of cumulative nymph days among chemical treatments (Table 3). All insecticide treatments applied through petal fall reduced PP adults through the end of Jun (Table 4). Of the treatments applied on 7 Jun, Actara (114 g/ acre and 142 g/ acre) and Assail significantly reduced PP adults throughout the remainder of the season. Table 1. Rate amt Rate Treatment/formulation product/acre lb(AI)/acre Dates of application Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 20 Apr (WB) Calypso 480SC 118.0 ml 0.125 4 May (PF), 7 (second C), 21 Jun (third C) Calypso 480SC 177.0 ml 0.188 4 May (PF), 7 Jun (second C) Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 21 Jun (third C) Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 20 Apr (WB), 4 May (PF) Assail 70WP 96.0 g 0.149 7 (second C), 21 Jun (third C) Esteem 35WP + 142.0 g + 0.109 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- 15 Apr (GCB) A8612 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- 4 May ((PF) Actara 25W 142.0 g 0.078 7 Jun (second C) Actara 25W 85.0 g 0.047 21 Jun (third C) Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 15 Apr (GCB) Agri-Mek 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- 4 May (PF) Actara 25W 114.0 g 0.063 7 (second), 21 Jun (third C) Untreated check - - - - GCB = green cluster bud, WB = white bud, PF = petal fall, second C = second cover, third C = third cover. Table 2. PP eggs/leaf Treatment/ Rate amt Rate formulation product/acre lb(AI)/acre 9 May 16 May 19 May 26 May 1 Jun Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 Calypso 480SC 118.0 ml 0.125 8.9a 2.8a 3.1a 0.9a 23.4a Calypso 480SC 177.0 ml 0.188 Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 7.5a 2.7a 2.4a 0.9a 21.8a Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Assail 70WP 96.0 g 0.149 9.3a 4.1a 2.3a 1.3a 14.7a Esteem 35WP + 142.0 g + 0.109 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- A8612 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 142.0 g 0.078 Actara 25W 85.0 g 0.047 9.1a 2.0a 2.2a 1.8a 15.2a Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Agri-Mek 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.013 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 114.0 g 0.063 8.5a 1.6a 1.4a 0.4a 15.3a Untreated check -- -- 11.5a 2.6a 3.4a 4.9a 76.9b Means in a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P > 0.05) Table 3. PP nymphs/leaf Treatment/ Rate amt Rate PP cumulative formulation product/acre lb(AI)/acre 2 May 9 May 16 May 19 May 26 May 1 Jun 9 Jun 16 Jun 23 Jun 30 Jun nymph days Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 Calypso 480SC 118.0 ml 0.125 3.4a 0.7a 1.2ab 2.3a 0.4a 0.1a 1.1abc 2.4bc 1.1a 0.7a 73.0ab Calypso 480SC 177.0 ml 0.188 Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 3.1a 1.9a 0.7a 1.6a 0.7a 0.2a 1.6bc 3.9c 1.2a 0.6a 90.4ab Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Assail 70WP 96.0 g 0.149 4.2a 2.2a 3.1bc 3.3a 1.5a 0.1a 0.5a 2.5bc 0.8a 1.1a 103.2bc Esteem 35WP + 142.0 g + 0.109 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- A8612 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 142.0 g 0.078 Actara 25W 85.0 g 0.047 3.5a 0.7a 1.1a 3.0a 0.5a 0.1a 0.6a 1.0ab 0.4a 0.2a 57.4a Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Agri-Mek 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 114.0 g 0.063 2.0a 1.8a 1.9abc 2.1a 0.5a 0.1a 1.0ab 0.4a 0.4a 0.3a 56.2a Untreated check -- -- 6.8a 2.7a 5.3c 4.3a 1.4a 0.3a 1.8c 3.2c 0.8a 0.8a 145.6c Means in a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P > 0.05). Table 4. PP adults/2 min Treatment/ Rate amt Rate formulation product/acre lb(AI)/acre 12 May 16 May 23 May 26 May 1 Jun 6 Jun 9 Jun 16 Jun 23 Jun 30 Jun Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 Calypso 480SC 118.0 ml 0.125 0.8a 3.3a 20.5a 18.0a 105.3a 81.3a 58.3b 77.3bc 71.0c 59.8b Calypso 480SC 177.0 ml 0.188 Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 1.3a 6.3a 35.8a 29.5a 93.3a 70.3a 54.8b 92.3c 72.8c 62.8b Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Assail 70WP 96.0 g 0.149 1.5a 3.0a 23.8a 19.5a 67.8a 63.0a 34.0ab 76.0abc 33.8ab 40.0ab Esteem 35WP + 142.0 g + 0.109 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- A8612 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 142.0 g 0.078 Actara 25W 85.0 g 0.047 0.8a 3.3a 23.3a 20.3a 49.5a 59.0a 21.8a 45.5a 32.3ab 33.0a Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Agri-Mek 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 114.0 g 0.063 1.5a 6.5a 17.8a 15.5a 63.3a 70.8a 27.0a 57.0abc 30.3a 23.5a Untreated check -- -- 3.5a 8.5a 89.0b 63.3b 67.8a 83.8a 54.5b 49.0ab 55.0bc 42.3ab Means in a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P > 0.05). http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

SEASONAL PEAR PSYLLA CONTROL STUDY WITH VARIOUS INSECTICIDE PROGRAMS, 2005

Hull, Larry A.; Ellis, Nicolas
Arthropod Management Tests , Volume 31 (1) – Jan 1, 2006
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Oxford University Press
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2155-9856
DOI
10.1093/amt/31.1.A36
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Abstract

(A36) PEAR: Pyrus communis (L.), ‘Bartlett’, ‘Bosc’ and ‘D’Anjou’ Larry A. Hull Penn State FREC Biglerville, PA 17307 Ph: (717) 677-6116 Fax: (717) 677-4112 E-mail: lah4@psu.edu Nicolas Ellis E-mail: nhe101@psu.edu Pear psylla (PP): Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster) Experimental and registered insecticides were evaluated for their activity against pear psylla. Each treatment was applied to a 3-row x 3-4-tree replicated plots in a block of ‘Bartlett’ (84%), ‘Bosc’ (9%), and ‘D’Anjou’ (7%) pears. Trees were planted to a spacing of 24 × 24 ft and were 26 years old. Each treatment was replicated four times on ‘Bartlett’ only in a RCB design. All treatments were applied with a Friend Airblast 393 sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.2 mph. The following spray dates correspond to phenological stages: 15 Apr (GCB = green cluster bud), 20 Apr (WB = white bud), 4 May (PF = petal fall), 7 Jun (second cover), and 21 Jun (third cover) (Table 1). All treatments received an application (100 gpa) of the following materials at the budburst stage (8 Apr): Asana XL 0.66EC (177 ml/acre), Stylet Oil (7.57 liters/acre), and Kocide (2.27 kg/acre). All plots received a regular fungicide maintenance schedule of Streptomycin, Dithane 75DF, Topsin M 85WDG and Ziram 76WP. The center tree within each plot was evaluated for efficacy of the treatments by counting eggs and nymphs from leaf samples using a binocular microscope under 10× magnification at 7-11 d intervals. Counts were made on 15 spur leaves per replicate tree from 2 May to 23 May; on 7 spur and 8 third most distal unfolded leaves from the base of the shoot per tree on 26 May, and on 15 third most distal unfolded leaves from the base of the shoot per tree from 1 Jun to 6 Jul. The cumulative number of PP nymph days per leaf was determined for each treatment from 2 May to 6 Jul. Adult PP were sampled by making a 2-min observation around the periphery of each center tree. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means were separated using Fisher’s Protected LSD (P = 0.05). All treatments applied through petal fall (4 May) significantly reduced the number of PP eggs as compared to the untreated check plot on 1 Jun (Table 2). Calypso, applied on 4 May at two different rates (118.0 ml/acre and 177.0 ml/acre), was effective through mid-May for reducing the incidence of PP nymphs, although the most significant reductions were not observed until 16 May (Table 3). The treatment of A8612 + Stylet Oil, also applied on 4 May, appeared to be slightly more effective on PP nymphs than Agri-Mek + Stylet Oil on 16 May. The applications of Assail and Actara (114 g/acre and 142 g/acre) on 7 Jun provided excellent control of PP nymphs on 9 Jun (Table 3). Calypso at 89 ml/acre and 118 ml/ acre and applied at the same time was not as effective against PP nymphs. The treatment regime of Esteem/A8612/Actara allowed the fewest number of cumulative PP nymph days to occur throughout the study while the regime of Esteem/Assail allowed the highest number of cumulative nymph days among chemical treatments (Table 3). All insecticide treatments applied through petal fall reduced PP adults through the end of Jun (Table 4). Of the treatments applied on 7 Jun, Actara (114 g/ acre and 142 g/ acre) and Assail significantly reduced PP adults throughout the remainder of the season. Table 1. Rate amt Rate Treatment/formulation product/acre lb(AI)/acre Dates of application Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 20 Apr (WB) Calypso 480SC 118.0 ml 0.125 4 May (PF), 7 (second C), 21 Jun (third C) Calypso 480SC 177.0 ml 0.188 4 May (PF), 7 Jun (second C) Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 21 Jun (third C) Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 20 Apr (WB), 4 May (PF) Assail 70WP 96.0 g 0.149 7 (second C), 21 Jun (third C) Esteem 35WP + 142.0 g + 0.109 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- 15 Apr (GCB) A8612 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- 4 May ((PF) Actara 25W 142.0 g 0.078 7 Jun (second C) Actara 25W 85.0 g 0.047 21 Jun (third C) Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 15 Apr (GCB) Agri-Mek 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- 4 May (PF) Actara 25W 114.0 g 0.063 7 (second), 21 Jun (third C) Untreated check - - - - GCB = green cluster bud, WB = white bud, PF = petal fall, second C = second cover, third C = third cover. Table 2. PP eggs/leaf Treatment/ Rate amt Rate formulation product/acre lb(AI)/acre 9 May 16 May 19 May 26 May 1 Jun Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 Calypso 480SC 118.0 ml 0.125 8.9a 2.8a 3.1a 0.9a 23.4a Calypso 480SC 177.0 ml 0.188 Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 7.5a 2.7a 2.4a 0.9a 21.8a Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Assail 70WP 96.0 g 0.149 9.3a 4.1a 2.3a 1.3a 14.7a Esteem 35WP + 142.0 g + 0.109 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- A8612 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 142.0 g 0.078 Actara 25W 85.0 g 0.047 9.1a 2.0a 2.2a 1.8a 15.2a Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Agri-Mek 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.013 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 114.0 g 0.063 8.5a 1.6a 1.4a 0.4a 15.3a Untreated check -- -- 11.5a 2.6a 3.4a 4.9a 76.9b Means in a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P > 0.05) Table 3. PP nymphs/leaf Treatment/ Rate amt Rate PP cumulative formulation product/acre lb(AI)/acre 2 May 9 May 16 May 19 May 26 May 1 Jun 9 Jun 16 Jun 23 Jun 30 Jun nymph days Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 Calypso 480SC 118.0 ml 0.125 3.4a 0.7a 1.2ab 2.3a 0.4a 0.1a 1.1abc 2.4bc 1.1a 0.7a 73.0ab Calypso 480SC 177.0 ml 0.188 Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 3.1a 1.9a 0.7a 1.6a 0.7a 0.2a 1.6bc 3.9c 1.2a 0.6a 90.4ab Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Assail 70WP 96.0 g 0.149 4.2a 2.2a 3.1bc 3.3a 1.5a 0.1a 0.5a 2.5bc 0.8a 1.1a 103.2bc Esteem 35WP + 142.0 g + 0.109 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- A8612 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 142.0 g 0.078 Actara 25W 85.0 g 0.047 3.5a 0.7a 1.1a 3.0a 0.5a 0.1a 0.6a 1.0ab 0.4a 0.2a 57.4a Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Agri-Mek 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 114.0 g 0.063 2.0a 1.8a 1.9abc 2.1a 0.5a 0.1a 1.0ab 0.4a 0.4a 0.3a 56.2a Untreated check -- -- 6.8a 2.7a 5.3c 4.3a 1.4a 0.3a 1.8c 3.2c 0.8a 0.8a 145.6c Means in a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P > 0.05). Table 4. PP adults/2 min Treatment/ Rate amt Rate formulation product/acre lb(AI)/acre 12 May 16 May 23 May 26 May 1 Jun 6 Jun 9 Jun 16 Jun 23 Jun 30 Jun Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 Calypso 480SC 118.0 ml 0.125 0.8a 3.3a 20.5a 18.0a 105.3a 81.3a 58.3b 77.3bc 71.0c 59.8b Calypso 480SC 177.0 ml 0.188 Calypso 480SC 89.0 ml 0.094 1.3a 6.3a 35.8a 29.5a 93.3a 70.3a 54.8b 92.3c 72.8c 62.8b Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Assail 70WP 96.0 g 0.149 1.5a 3.0a 23.8a 19.5a 67.8a 63.0a 34.0ab 76.0abc 33.8ab 40.0ab Esteem 35WP + 142.0 g + 0.109 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- A8612 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 142.0 g 0.078 Actara 25W 85.0 g 0.047 0.8a 3.3a 23.3a 20.3a 49.5a 59.0a 21.8a 45.5a 32.3ab 33.0a Esteem 35WP 142.0 g 0.109 Agri-Mek 0.15EC + 295.0 ml + 0.012 + Stylet Oil 3785.0 ml -- Actara 25W 114.0 g 0.063 1.5a 6.5a 17.8a 15.5a 63.3a 70.8a 27.0a 57.0abc 30.3a 23.5a Untreated check -- -- 3.5a 8.5a 89.0b 63.3b 67.8a 83.8a 54.5b 49.0ab 55.0bc 42.3ab Means in a column followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different (Fisher’s Protected LSD, P > 0.05).

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Arthropod Management Tests – Oxford University Press

Published: Jan 1, 2006

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