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Normal and abnormal development of the intrapericardial arterial trunks in humans and mice

Normal and abnormal development of the intrapericardial arterial trunks in humans and mice AimsThe definitive cardiac outflow channels have three components: the intrapericardial arterial trunks; the arterial roots with valves; and the ventricular outflow tracts (OFTs). We studied the normal and abnormal development of the most distal of these, the arterial trunks, comparing findings in mice and humans.Methods and resultsUsing lineage tracing and three-dimensional visualization by episcopic reconstruction and scanning electron microscopy, we studied embryonic day 9.5–12.5 mouse hearts, clarifying the development of the OFTs distal to the primordia of the arterial valves. We characterize a transient aortopulmonary (AP) foramen, located between the leading edge of a protrusion from the dorsal wall of the aortic sac and the distal margins of the two outflow cushions. The foramen is closed by fusion of the protrusion, with its cap of neural crest cells (NCCs), with the NCC-filled cushions; the resulting structure then functioning transiently as an AP septum. Only subsequent to this closure is it possible to recognize, more proximally, the previously described AP septal complex. The adjacent walls of the intrapericardial trunks are derived from the protrusion and distal parts of the outflow cushions, whereas the lateral walls are formed from intrapericardial extensions of the pharyngeal mesenchyme derived from the second heart field.ConclusionsWe provide, for the first time, objective evidence of the mechanisms of closure of an AP foramen that exists distally between the lumens of the developing intrapericardial arterial trunks. Our findings provide insights into the formation of AP windows and the variants of common arterial trunk. http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Cardiovascular Research Oxford University Press

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References (20)

Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2012. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Subject
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
ISSN
0008-6363
eISSN
1755-3245
DOI
10.1093/cvr/cvs147
pmid
22499773
Publisher site
See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

AimsThe definitive cardiac outflow channels have three components: the intrapericardial arterial trunks; the arterial roots with valves; and the ventricular outflow tracts (OFTs). We studied the normal and abnormal development of the most distal of these, the arterial trunks, comparing findings in mice and humans.Methods and resultsUsing lineage tracing and three-dimensional visualization by episcopic reconstruction and scanning electron microscopy, we studied embryonic day 9.5–12.5 mouse hearts, clarifying the development of the OFTs distal to the primordia of the arterial valves. We characterize a transient aortopulmonary (AP) foramen, located between the leading edge of a protrusion from the dorsal wall of the aortic sac and the distal margins of the two outflow cushions. The foramen is closed by fusion of the protrusion, with its cap of neural crest cells (NCCs), with the NCC-filled cushions; the resulting structure then functioning transiently as an AP septum. Only subsequent to this closure is it possible to recognize, more proximally, the previously described AP septal complex. The adjacent walls of the intrapericardial trunks are derived from the protrusion and distal parts of the outflow cushions, whereas the lateral walls are formed from intrapericardial extensions of the pharyngeal mesenchyme derived from the second heart field.ConclusionsWe provide, for the first time, objective evidence of the mechanisms of closure of an AP foramen that exists distally between the lumens of the developing intrapericardial arterial trunks. Our findings provide insights into the formation of AP windows and the variants of common arterial trunk.

Journal

Cardiovascular ResearchOxford University Press

Published: Jul 1, 2012

Keywords: Mouse development Neural crest Second heart field Aortopulmonary window

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