Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
M. Matucci-Cerinic, S. Cinti, M. Morroni, T. Lotti, G. Nuzzaci, E. Lucente, S. Lollo, M. Ceruso, M. Cagnoni (1989)
Pachydermoperiostosis (primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy): report of a case with evidence of endothelial and connective tissue involvement.Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 48
B. Kahaleh, M. Cerinic (1995)
Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma. Dysregulated neuroendothelial control of vascular tone.Arthritis and rheumatism, 38 1
F. Ormea (1952)
Studio comparative del sistema neuro-vegetativo periferico nella sclerodermia diffusa e nel tessuto connettivale alterato di alcune dermatosiDermatology, 105
W. Follansbee, Miller Tr, E. Curtiss, Orie Je, Bernstein Rl, Kiernan Jm, T. Medsger (1990)
A controlled clinicopathologic study of myocardial fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).The Journal of rheumatology, 17 5
H. Tohgi, M. Tabuchi, M. Tomonaga, N. Izumiyama (1977)
Spindle-shaped, cross-banded structures in human peripheral nervesActa Neuropathologica, 40
F. Fernandes, F. Ramires, E. Arteaga, B. Ianni, E. Bonfá, C. Mady (2003)
Cardiac remodeling in patients with systemic sclerosis with no signs or symptoms of heart failure: an endomyocardial biopsy study.Journal of cardiac failure, 9 4
Alexander Rozin, Daniel Schapira, A. Balbir-Gurman, Y. Braun-Moscovici, D. Markovits, D. Militianu, M. Nahir (2002)
Necrotising myositis in Behçet's disease: characteristic features on magnetic resonance imaging and a review of the literatureAnnals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 61
S. Sukenik, J. Abarbanel, D. Buskila, G. Potashnik, J. Horowitz (1987)
Impotence, carpal tunnel syndrome and peripheral neuropathy as presenting symptoms in progressive systemic sclerosis.The Journal of rheumatology, 14 3
W. Kennedy, G. Wendelschafer‐Crabb (1993)
The innervation of human epidermisJournal of the Neurological Sciences, 115
G. Trapani, A. Tulli, A. Cara, P. Laurienzo, S. Mazza, P. David (1986)
Peripheral neuropathy in course of progressive systemic sclerosisActa Neuropathologica, 72
M. Hilliges, Lixin Wang, O. Johansson (1995)
Ultrastructural evidence for nerve fibers within all vital layers of the human epidermis.The Journal of investigative dermatology, 104 1
S. Generini, G. Fiori, A. MoggiPignone, M. MatucciCerinic, M. Cagnoni (1999)
Systemic sclerosis. A clinical overview.Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 455
J. Halcox (2004)
Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System
G. Terenghi, C. Bunker, Yu-fei Liu, D. Springall, T. Cowen, P. Dowd, J. Polak (1991)
Image analysis quantification of peptide‐immunoreactive nerves in the skin of patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosisThe Journal of Pathology, 164
M. Cutolo, A. Sulli, C. Pizzorni, S. Accardo (2000)
Nailfold videocapillaroscopy assessment of microvascular damage in systemic sclerosis.The Journal of rheumatology, 27 1
S. Badăkov (1992)
Ultrastructural changes of cutaneous nerves in scleroderma.Folia medica, 34 3-4
P. Pillai (1964)
A BANDED STRUCTURE IN THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF NERVE.Journal of ultrastructure research, 11
L. Bertinotti, U. Pietrini, A. Rosso, R. Casale, Nicola Colangelo, M. Zoppi, M. Matucci-Cerinic (2002)
The Use of Pupillometry in Joint and Connective Tissue DiseasesAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 966
Harper Fe, Leroy Ec (1981)
Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma.Comprehensive Therapy, 7
A. Malandrini, Enrico Selvi, M. Villanova, G. Berti, L. Sabadini, C. Salvadori, S. Gambelli, R. DeStefano, R. Vernillo, Renzo Marcolongo, G. Guazzi (2000)
Autonomic nervous system and smooth muscle cell involvement in systemic sclerosis: ultrastructural study of 3 cases.The Journal of rheumatology, 27 5
A. Rosso, L. Bertinotti, U. Pietrini, A. Messori, M. Fanciullacci, R. Casale, R. Giacomelli, S. Generini, R. Sicuteri, A. Pignone, F. Cozzi, M. Matucci-Cerinic (2003)
Pupillocynetic activity of substance P in systemic sclerosis.The Journal of rheumatology, 30 6
L. Bertinotti, S. Bracci, F. Nacci, Nicola Colangelo, A. Rosso, R. Casale, A. Pignone, M. Matucci-Cerinic (2004)
The autonomic nervous system in systemic sclerosis. A reviewClinical Rheumatology, 23
G. Valentini (2003)
The assessment of the patient with systemic sclerosis.Autoimmunity reviews, 2 6
R. Prescott, A. Freemont, Carolyn Jones, J. Hoyland, P. Fielding (1992)
Sequential dermal microvascular and perivascular changes in the development of sclerodermaThe Journal of Pathology, 166
S. Lori, M. Matucci-Cerinic, Roberto Casale, S. Generini, A. Lombardi, A. Pignone, C. Scaletti, P. Gangemi, M. Cagnoni (1996)
Peripheral nervous system involvement in systemic sclerosis: the median nerve as target structure.Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 14 6
Massimo Corbo, Raffaello Nemni, Sandro Iannaccone, A. Quattrini, M. Lodi, L. Praderio, M. Comola, I. Lorenzetti, Giacomo Comi, Nicola Canal (1993)
Peripheral neuropathy in scleroderma.Clinical neuropathology, 12 2
C. Oddis, Eisenbeis Ch, Reidbord He, V. Steen, T. Medsger (1987)
Vasculitis in systemic sclerosis: association with Sjögren's syndrome and the CREST syndrome variant.The Journal of rheumatology, 14 5
K. Franchini, A. Cowley (2004)
Autonomic Control of Cardiac Function
M. Cerinic, S. Generini, A. Pignone, Roberto Casale (1996)
The nervous system in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Clinical features and pathogenetic mechanisms.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America, 22 4
Riccardo Rossi, Olle Johansson (1998)
Cutaneous innervation and the role of neuronal peptides in cutaneous inflammation: a minireview.European journal of dermatology : EJD, 8 5
R. Richter (1954)
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASEJournal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 13
S. Knupp-Oliveira, M. Cerinic (1999)
Polyneuropathy as initial manifestation of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).Scandinavian journal of rheumatology, 28 4
A. Bierbrauer, P. Barth, J. Willert, C. Baerwald, H. Mennel, Schmidt Ja (1998)
Electron microscopy and capillaroscopically guided nailfold biopsy in connective tissue diseases: detection of ultrastructural changes of the microcirculatory vessels.British journal of rheumatology, 37 12
F. Trotta, G. Biagini, G. Cenacchi, G. Ballardini, C. Varotti, B. Passarini, S. Garbisa, G. Faccani, F. Bianchi, E. Govoni (1984)
Microvascular changes in progressive systemic sclerosis: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 2 3
E. Leroy, C. Black, R. Fleischmajer, S. Jabłońska, T. Krieg, T. Medsger, N. Rowell, F. Wollheim (1988)
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): classification, subsets and pathogenesis.The Journal of rheumatology, 15 2
K. Hashimoto (1983)
Skin Pathology by Light and Electron Microscopy
G. Trapani, M. Pocchiari, Carlo Masullo, Alberto Albanese, Antonio Tulli (1982)
Peripheral neuropathy in the course of progressive systemic sclerosis: Light and ultrastructural studyThe Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 3
M. Matucci-Cerinic, S. d'Angelo, C. Denton, P. Vlachoyiannopoulos, R. Silver (2003)
Assessment of lung involvement.Clinical and experimental rheumatology, 21 3 Suppl 29
S. Luse (1960)
Electron microscopic studies of brain tumorsNeurology, 10
P. Clements, P. Lachenbruch, J. Siebold, B. White, S. Weiner, Richard Martin, A. Weinstein, M. Weisman, M. Mayes, D. Collier, Fredrick Wigley, T. Medsger, V. Steen, L. Moreland, M. Dixon, M. Massa, E. Lally, D. McCloskey, J. Varga (1995)
Inter and intraobserver variability of total skin thickness score (modified Rodnan TSS) in systemic sclerosis.The Journal of rheumatology, 22 7
G. Lock, A. Holstege, B. Lang, J. Schölmerich (1997)
Gastrointestinal manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis.The American journal of gastroenterology, 92 5
Objective. Evidence shows that peripheral nervous system (PNS) is involved in systemic sclerosis (SSc), but few morphological studies have assessed the ultrastructural pathological modifications. The aim was to study ultrastructural modifications of skin PNS fibres in SSc according to subsets [limited SSc (lSSc) and diffuse SSc (dSSc)] and phases (early and advanced) of the disease.Methods. Skin biopsies were taken from the forearms of 23 SSc patients (11 lSSc and 12 dSSc) and 10 controls. Each biopsy was processed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results. At TEM, observation in skin from early lSSc, signs of inflammation were evident, while PNS fibres were not damaged. The microvascular wall showed hypertrophic endothelial cells bulging into the lumen. In advanced lSSc, fibrosis prevailed on inflammation and slight ultrastructural alterations of PNS fibres were evident in the papillary derma. In early dSSc, ultrastructural alterations of PNS fibres, similar to those observed in the advanced phase of lSSc, were found together with signs of inflammation and fibrosis. In advanced dSSc, in the papillary and reticular dermis PNS fibres were reduced and showed relevant ultrastructural alterations.Conclusions. In SSc, PNS ultrastructure damage is linked to the progression and severity of skin involvement. The alterations evolve from the early to the advanced phase mainly in the diffuse subset. In particular, the severe PNS lesions found in advanced lSSc are already present and widely diffuse in early dSSc and the microvascular involvement in early lSSc seems to precede the modification of the PNS in the skin. Thus, an early therapeutic approach can be useful to reduce the progression of PNS and skin damage in SSc patients.
Rheumatology – Oxford University Press
Published: May 22, 2005
Read and print from thousands of top scholarly journals.
Already have an account? Log in
Bookmark this article. You can see your Bookmarks on your DeepDyve Library.
To save an article, log in first, or sign up for a DeepDyve account if you don’t already have one.
Copy and paste the desired citation format or use the link below to download a file formatted for EndNote
Access the full text.
Sign up today, get DeepDyve free for 14 days.
All DeepDyve websites use cookies to improve your online experience. They were placed on your computer when you launched this website. You can change your cookie settings through your browser.