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Apple, Acaricide Test, 1993

Apple, Acaricide Test, 1993 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article-abstract/19/1/2/4639193 by DeepDyve user on 02 August 2020 2 Arthropod Management Tests, Vol. 19 A: POME FRUITS control was provided by Lannate, Dimethoate and Sevin XLR PLUS, with no significant difference in accumulated leafhopper-days. Dimethoate was slower acting than Lannate and Sevin XLR PLUS, with significantly more leafhoppers three days post-treatment. Lannate was evaluated at a reduced rate typically used in combination with organo-phosphate insecticides for leafhopper control. Of the two botanical insecticides, Pyrellin was less effective than Ryania and not significantly different from the untreated. Accumulated leafhopper- days Rate Rose leafhopper nympns/23 leaves lb (AI)/ 30 Jun to Treatment/form. acre acre 30 Jun 3 Jul 7 Jul 10 Jul 14 Jul 14 Jul Asana XL 0.66 EC 178 ml 0.03 42.2 b 1.7 d 0.7 e 0.3 d 0 e 49.2 d Carzol 92 SP 454 g 0.92 65.3 ab 1.2 d 1.5 e 2.0 c 1.8 d 81.4 cd Endosulfan 50 W 1360 g 1.50 51.5 ab 1.0 d 0 e O d O e 54.0 d Ryania 3632 g 0.009 55.5 ab 2.0 d 4.8 d 2.7 c 0.3 e 82.3 cd Lannate 1.8 L 710 ml 0.34 54.2 ab 9.0 c 13.2 be 11.7 b 13.3 b 172.0 b Dimethoate 4 EC 710 ml 0.75 47.3 ab 26.2 b 17.0 b 10.5 b 7.8 be 205.7 b Pyrellin 0.11 EC 474 ml 0.01 65.3 ab 44.7 ab 60.3 a 30.2 a 27.5 a 488.4 a Sevin XLR PLUS 4 SC 474 ml 0.50 72.8 a 10.8 c 9.0 cd 7.2 b 4.8 c 154.5 be Untreated 51.3 ab 56.3 a 65.7 a 31.8 a 22.3 a 513.4 a — — Means in a given column followed by the same letter are not signficantly different (P = 0.05; Fisher's LSD). APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhauser, 'Red Delicious' George C. Hamilton, Dean Polk, and Eugene Rizio (3A) European red mite (ERM); Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Rutgers Cooperative Extension Predatory mite (AF); Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) P.O. Box 231 Predatory coccinellid (SP); Stethorus punctum (LeConte) New Brunswick, NJ 08903 APPLE, ACARICIDE TEST, 1993: A 10 year-old apple orchard, variety 'Red Delicious' was used in this test. Single tree plots, replicated 4 times/variety in a randomized complete block design, were sprayed to runoff (ca 3 gal/tree) with a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun operated at 200 psi. Treatments were applied when ERM populations reached 6 mites/leaf (23 Jun). For disease control the entire orchard was treated with Captan as needed. Weekly ERM counts were made by randomly selecting 20 leaves/tree, brushing mites onto glass plates coated with Triton B-1956, and counting motile ERM and AF. Mite-days (MD) were calculated as: MD = MD1 + [(Ml + M2)/2 X 7], where MD1 = mite-days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given sample date and M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next sample date. Predatory coccinellids were sampled by 3 minute visual counts of larvae and adults on 29 Jun, 13, 20, and 27 Jul, and 3 and 10 Aug. At harvest, 100 fruit/tree were collected and weighed, evaluated for spray injury, and rated (0%-100%) for russeting. Data were transformed to sqrt(x + 1) or arcsine(x) before ANOVA and comparison of means. There were fewer accumulated MD in all products compared to check. The most effective material was Omite 30W followed by Kelthane 50W and Omite 6E. All sprays at 6 mites/leaf significantly reduced ERM populations below check levels and kept levels below the check for 3 weeks. Significant reductions in SP populations were observed on 29 Jun, 13 and 20 Jul for all materials. No significant differences were seen in terms of weight per 100 fruit, however, Omite 30W and 6E treatments caused significantly higher levels of spray injured fruit. Little difference was seen in the russeting of fruit. Total ERM/leaf lb AI/ mite Treatment/form. acre 12 May 19 May 25 May 1 Jun 8 Jun 15 Jun 22 Jun 29 Jun 6 Jul 13 Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 3 Aug 10 Aug 17 Aug days 4.24 0.14 401.14 Omite 30W 1.8 0.05 0.08 0.15 0.49 1.69 2.15 19.25 6.51 2.40 0.21 0.08 0.03 0.00 Omite 6E 1.5 0.08 0.06 0.16 0.04 2.06 2.03 31.13 7.50 3.60 2.55 0.13 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.00 346.05 1.74 3.79 0.11 0.20 316.96 Kelthane 50W 1.75 0.05 0.15 0.13 0.14 1.90 29.58 5.55 1.80 0.21 0.21 0.00 Check 0.11 0.05 0.16 0.09 1.96 1.50 33.45 25.13 59.70 8.70 0.20 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.03 917.39 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.36 0.37 0.42 2.10 0.42 1.13 0.89 0.12 0.07 0.66 0.05 0.10 LSD, /><0.05 AF/leaf lb AI/ Treatment/form. acre 12 May 19 May 25 May 1 Jun 8 Jun 15 Jun 22 Jun 29 Jun 6 Jul 13 Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 3 Aug 10 Aug 17 Aug Omite 30W 1.8 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.13 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 Omite 6E 1.5 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 Kelthane 50W 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 1.75 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 Check 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.03 LSD, /><0.05 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article-abstract/19/1/2/4639193 by DeepDyve user on 02 August 2020 A: POME FRUITS Arthropod Management Tests, Vol. 19 3 SP/3 min lb AI/ Treatment/form. acre 29 Jun 13 Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 3 Aug 10 Aug Omite 30VV 1.8 0.25 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 Omite 6E 1.5 0.75 1.00 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.50 Kelthane 50W 1.75 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.75 0.25 Check 11.00 12.75 5.25 0.00 0.00 0.50 LSD, P<0.05 0.73 1.45 0.29 0.28 0.23 1.45 # of Spray" ,ga % Russetir lb AI/ Weight" injured . Treatment/form. acre (kg) fruit 1 2-1 0 11-30 31-5 0 >5 0 Omite 30W 1.8 18.60 17.75 3.75 1.50 0.00 0.25 0.00 Omite 6E 1.5 32.25 32.25 4.75 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kelthane 50W 1.75 19.23 1.25 6.25 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 Check 19.48 1.25 4.00 1.25 0.75 0.00 0.00 LSD, P<0.05 3.71 14.31 4.42 1.73 1.99 0.39 0.00 "Data listed as value/100 fruit APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhauser 'Red Delicious' George C. Hamilton, Dean Polk, and Eugene Rizio (4A) European red mite (ERM); Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Rutgers Cooperative Extension Predatory mite (AF); Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) P.O. Box 231 Predatory coccinellid (SP); Stethorus punctum (LeConte) New Brunswick, NJ 08903 White apple leafhopper; Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee Rose leafhopper; Edwardsiana rosae (L.) APPLE, LEAFHOPPER TEST, 1993: A 10 year-old apple orchard, variety 'Red Delicious' was used in this test. Single tree plots, replicated 4 times/variety in a randomized complete block design, were sprayed to runoff (ca 3 gal/tree) with a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun operated at 200 psi. Treatments were applied at petal fall (PF—11 May), 5th cover (5th—12 Jun) and 6th cover (6th—3 Aug). The orchard was treated with Captan for disease control as needed. Weekly ERM counts were made by randomly selecting 20 leaves/tree, brushing mites onto glass plates coated with Triton B-1956, and counting motile ERM and AF. Mite-days (MD) were calculated as: MD = MD1 + [(Ml + M2)/2 X 7], where MD1 = mite- days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given sample date and M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next sample date. Leafhoppers (White apple and/or Rose) were evaluated at 1,3, 7, 14, and 21 days post treatment using a 20 leaves/tree (PF) or 50 leaves/tree (5th and 6th) sample. Predatory coccinellids were sampled by 3 minute counts of larvae and adults. At harvest, 100 fruit/tree were collected and weighed, evaluated for spray injury, and rated (0%-100%) for russeting. Data were transformed to sqrt(x + 1) or arcsine(x) before ANOVA and comparison of means. For the PF and 5th cover sprays, generally all materials caused significantly lower leafhopper levels than the check. However, for the 6th cover spray all materials but Carzol 92SP and Thiodan 50W allowed leafhopper populations to reach or exceed check levels by day 21. The most effective programs, those with the lowest number of accumulated MD, were both rates of Omite 30W, followed by Carzol 92SP. For both Omite 6E and 30W, the higher rate of application had a significant impact on SP levels. Trees treated with the high rate of Omite 6E had significantly higher fruit weights than all other treatments. All treatments of Omite caused significantly higher levels of fruit injury than Thiodan, Carzol, or the check. Little difference was seen in the amount of russeting between treatments. Rate Total ERM/leaf lb AI/ mite form. acre 12 May 18 May 25 May 8 Jun 15 Jun 22 Jun 29 Jun 6 Jul 13 Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 3 Aug 10 Aug 17 Aug 24 Aug days Omite 6E 2.10 0.03 0.20 0.03 0.23 0.54 3.81 19.53 102.90 2.70 0.68 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,343.58 Omite 6E 1.50 0.14 0.30 0.15 0.58 0.78 8.58 20.05 76.35 11.55 5.41 0.14 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.03 1,205.51 Omite 30W 2.10 0.04 0.20 0.13 0.28 0.86 4.46 11.78 62.70 7.80 1.18 0.13 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.09 887.85 Omite 30W 1.50 0.06 0.44 0.04 0.75 0.64 3.81 19.05 58.35 8.55 1.51 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.09 924.04 Thiodan 50W 1.50 0.16 1.34 0.18 1.21 2.28 18.81 34.05 74.25 5.55 0.65 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.10 1,349.04 Carzol 92SP 0.35 0.05 1.15 0.03 0.14 4.54 10.78 11.73 62.25 12.98 1.55 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 995.42 Check 0.16 1.80 0.11 1.40 1.65 20.95 26.75 48.00 4.05 0.38 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 998.03 LSD P < 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.24 0.28 1.43 1.73 2.50 1.81 1.10 0.06 0.27 0.01 0.00 0.06 http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png Arthropod Management Tests Oxford University Press

Apple, Acaricide Test, 1993

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Publisher
Oxford University Press
Copyright
© 1994, Entomological Society of America
eISSN
2155-9856
DOI
10.1093/amt/19.1.2
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See Article on Publisher Site

Abstract

Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article-abstract/19/1/2/4639193 by DeepDyve user on 02 August 2020 2 Arthropod Management Tests, Vol. 19 A: POME FRUITS control was provided by Lannate, Dimethoate and Sevin XLR PLUS, with no significant difference in accumulated leafhopper-days. Dimethoate was slower acting than Lannate and Sevin XLR PLUS, with significantly more leafhoppers three days post-treatment. Lannate was evaluated at a reduced rate typically used in combination with organo-phosphate insecticides for leafhopper control. Of the two botanical insecticides, Pyrellin was less effective than Ryania and not significantly different from the untreated. Accumulated leafhopper- days Rate Rose leafhopper nympns/23 leaves lb (AI)/ 30 Jun to Treatment/form. acre acre 30 Jun 3 Jul 7 Jul 10 Jul 14 Jul 14 Jul Asana XL 0.66 EC 178 ml 0.03 42.2 b 1.7 d 0.7 e 0.3 d 0 e 49.2 d Carzol 92 SP 454 g 0.92 65.3 ab 1.2 d 1.5 e 2.0 c 1.8 d 81.4 cd Endosulfan 50 W 1360 g 1.50 51.5 ab 1.0 d 0 e O d O e 54.0 d Ryania 3632 g 0.009 55.5 ab 2.0 d 4.8 d 2.7 c 0.3 e 82.3 cd Lannate 1.8 L 710 ml 0.34 54.2 ab 9.0 c 13.2 be 11.7 b 13.3 b 172.0 b Dimethoate 4 EC 710 ml 0.75 47.3 ab 26.2 b 17.0 b 10.5 b 7.8 be 205.7 b Pyrellin 0.11 EC 474 ml 0.01 65.3 ab 44.7 ab 60.3 a 30.2 a 27.5 a 488.4 a Sevin XLR PLUS 4 SC 474 ml 0.50 72.8 a 10.8 c 9.0 cd 7.2 b 4.8 c 154.5 be Untreated 51.3 ab 56.3 a 65.7 a 31.8 a 22.3 a 513.4 a — — Means in a given column followed by the same letter are not signficantly different (P = 0.05; Fisher's LSD). APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhauser, 'Red Delicious' George C. Hamilton, Dean Polk, and Eugene Rizio (3A) European red mite (ERM); Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Rutgers Cooperative Extension Predatory mite (AF); Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) P.O. Box 231 Predatory coccinellid (SP); Stethorus punctum (LeConte) New Brunswick, NJ 08903 APPLE, ACARICIDE TEST, 1993: A 10 year-old apple orchard, variety 'Red Delicious' was used in this test. Single tree plots, replicated 4 times/variety in a randomized complete block design, were sprayed to runoff (ca 3 gal/tree) with a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun operated at 200 psi. Treatments were applied when ERM populations reached 6 mites/leaf (23 Jun). For disease control the entire orchard was treated with Captan as needed. Weekly ERM counts were made by randomly selecting 20 leaves/tree, brushing mites onto glass plates coated with Triton B-1956, and counting motile ERM and AF. Mite-days (MD) were calculated as: MD = MD1 + [(Ml + M2)/2 X 7], where MD1 = mite-days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given sample date and M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next sample date. Predatory coccinellids were sampled by 3 minute visual counts of larvae and adults on 29 Jun, 13, 20, and 27 Jul, and 3 and 10 Aug. At harvest, 100 fruit/tree were collected and weighed, evaluated for spray injury, and rated (0%-100%) for russeting. Data were transformed to sqrt(x + 1) or arcsine(x) before ANOVA and comparison of means. There were fewer accumulated MD in all products compared to check. The most effective material was Omite 30W followed by Kelthane 50W and Omite 6E. All sprays at 6 mites/leaf significantly reduced ERM populations below check levels and kept levels below the check for 3 weeks. Significant reductions in SP populations were observed on 29 Jun, 13 and 20 Jul for all materials. No significant differences were seen in terms of weight per 100 fruit, however, Omite 30W and 6E treatments caused significantly higher levels of spray injured fruit. Little difference was seen in the russeting of fruit. Total ERM/leaf lb AI/ mite Treatment/form. acre 12 May 19 May 25 May 1 Jun 8 Jun 15 Jun 22 Jun 29 Jun 6 Jul 13 Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 3 Aug 10 Aug 17 Aug days 4.24 0.14 401.14 Omite 30W 1.8 0.05 0.08 0.15 0.49 1.69 2.15 19.25 6.51 2.40 0.21 0.08 0.03 0.00 Omite 6E 1.5 0.08 0.06 0.16 0.04 2.06 2.03 31.13 7.50 3.60 2.55 0.13 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.00 346.05 1.74 3.79 0.11 0.20 316.96 Kelthane 50W 1.75 0.05 0.15 0.13 0.14 1.90 29.58 5.55 1.80 0.21 0.21 0.00 Check 0.11 0.05 0.16 0.09 1.96 1.50 33.45 25.13 59.70 8.70 0.20 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.03 917.39 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.36 0.37 0.42 2.10 0.42 1.13 0.89 0.12 0.07 0.66 0.05 0.10 LSD, /><0.05 AF/leaf lb AI/ Treatment/form. acre 12 May 19 May 25 May 1 Jun 8 Jun 15 Jun 22 Jun 29 Jun 6 Jul 13 Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 3 Aug 10 Aug 17 Aug Omite 30W 1.8 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.13 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 Omite 6E 1.5 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 Kelthane 50W 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 1.75 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 Check 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.03 LSD, /><0.05 Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/amt/article-abstract/19/1/2/4639193 by DeepDyve user on 02 August 2020 A: POME FRUITS Arthropod Management Tests, Vol. 19 3 SP/3 min lb AI/ Treatment/form. acre 29 Jun 13 Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 3 Aug 10 Aug Omite 30VV 1.8 0.25 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 Omite 6E 1.5 0.75 1.00 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.50 Kelthane 50W 1.75 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.75 0.25 Check 11.00 12.75 5.25 0.00 0.00 0.50 LSD, P<0.05 0.73 1.45 0.29 0.28 0.23 1.45 # of Spray" ,ga % Russetir lb AI/ Weight" injured . Treatment/form. acre (kg) fruit 1 2-1 0 11-30 31-5 0 >5 0 Omite 30W 1.8 18.60 17.75 3.75 1.50 0.00 0.25 0.00 Omite 6E 1.5 32.25 32.25 4.75 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kelthane 50W 1.75 19.23 1.25 6.25 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 Check 19.48 1.25 4.00 1.25 0.75 0.00 0.00 LSD, P<0.05 3.71 14.31 4.42 1.73 1.99 0.39 0.00 "Data listed as value/100 fruit APPLE: Malus domestica Borkhauser 'Red Delicious' George C. Hamilton, Dean Polk, and Eugene Rizio (4A) European red mite (ERM); Panonychus ulmi (Koch) Rutgers Cooperative Extension Predatory mite (AF); Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) P.O. Box 231 Predatory coccinellid (SP); Stethorus punctum (LeConte) New Brunswick, NJ 08903 White apple leafhopper; Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee Rose leafhopper; Edwardsiana rosae (L.) APPLE, LEAFHOPPER TEST, 1993: A 10 year-old apple orchard, variety 'Red Delicious' was used in this test. Single tree plots, replicated 4 times/variety in a randomized complete block design, were sprayed to runoff (ca 3 gal/tree) with a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun operated at 200 psi. Treatments were applied at petal fall (PF—11 May), 5th cover (5th—12 Jun) and 6th cover (6th—3 Aug). The orchard was treated with Captan for disease control as needed. Weekly ERM counts were made by randomly selecting 20 leaves/tree, brushing mites onto glass plates coated with Triton B-1956, and counting motile ERM and AF. Mite-days (MD) were calculated as: MD = MD1 + [(Ml + M2)/2 X 7], where MD1 = mite- days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given sample date and M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next sample date. Leafhoppers (White apple and/or Rose) were evaluated at 1,3, 7, 14, and 21 days post treatment using a 20 leaves/tree (PF) or 50 leaves/tree (5th and 6th) sample. Predatory coccinellids were sampled by 3 minute counts of larvae and adults. At harvest, 100 fruit/tree were collected and weighed, evaluated for spray injury, and rated (0%-100%) for russeting. Data were transformed to sqrt(x + 1) or arcsine(x) before ANOVA and comparison of means. For the PF and 5th cover sprays, generally all materials caused significantly lower leafhopper levels than the check. However, for the 6th cover spray all materials but Carzol 92SP and Thiodan 50W allowed leafhopper populations to reach or exceed check levels by day 21. The most effective programs, those with the lowest number of accumulated MD, were both rates of Omite 30W, followed by Carzol 92SP. For both Omite 6E and 30W, the higher rate of application had a significant impact on SP levels. Trees treated with the high rate of Omite 6E had significantly higher fruit weights than all other treatments. All treatments of Omite caused significantly higher levels of fruit injury than Thiodan, Carzol, or the check. Little difference was seen in the amount of russeting between treatments. Rate Total ERM/leaf lb AI/ mite form. acre 12 May 18 May 25 May 8 Jun 15 Jun 22 Jun 29 Jun 6 Jul 13 Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 3 Aug 10 Aug 17 Aug 24 Aug days Omite 6E 2.10 0.03 0.20 0.03 0.23 0.54 3.81 19.53 102.90 2.70 0.68 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,343.58 Omite 6E 1.50 0.14 0.30 0.15 0.58 0.78 8.58 20.05 76.35 11.55 5.41 0.14 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.03 1,205.51 Omite 30W 2.10 0.04 0.20 0.13 0.28 0.86 4.46 11.78 62.70 7.80 1.18 0.13 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.09 887.85 Omite 30W 1.50 0.06 0.44 0.04 0.75 0.64 3.81 19.05 58.35 8.55 1.51 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.09 924.04 Thiodan 50W 1.50 0.16 1.34 0.18 1.21 2.28 18.81 34.05 74.25 5.55 0.65 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.10 1,349.04 Carzol 92SP 0.35 0.05 1.15 0.03 0.14 4.54 10.78 11.73 62.25 12.98 1.55 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 995.42 Check 0.16 1.80 0.11 1.40 1.65 20.95 26.75 48.00 4.05 0.38 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 998.03 LSD P < 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.24 0.28 1.43 1.73 2.50 1.81 1.10 0.06 0.27 0.01 0.00 0.06

Journal

Arthropod Management TestsOxford University Press

Published: Jan 1, 1994

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