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Finland: The Constitution 2000

Finland: The Constitution 2000 FINLAND By Finnish independence in 1917, at least four Acts of a constitutional kind were in force: the 1772 Form of Government (Constitution) Act, which was of Swedish origin and had remained in force when Finland was separated from Sweden in 1809 and made an autonomous Grand-Duchy within the Russian Empire; the 1906 Diet (Constitution) Act, which introduced universal and equal suffrage and proportional elections in Finland; the 1906 Fundamental (Constitution) Act on Civil Liberties, which introduced freedom of speech, assembly and association as civil liberties the exercise of which could be limited only by an Act, not by lower statutory or administrative measures; and the 1789 Guaranty (Constitution) Charter, which defined the prerogatives of the four Estates.' Although a case can be made for a breach of constitutional continuity at this juncture, the 1919 Form of Government (Constitution) Act (9411919) was formally enacted with a reference to the amendment formula in the 1906 (Diet) Constitution Act. The 19!9 Form of Government (Constitution) Act repealed the constitutional acts of Swedish origin. Subsequently, the multi-documentary formal Constitution of Finland was broadened by the 1922 Ministerial Responsibility (Constitution) Act (274/1922) and the 1922 Court of the Realm (Constitution) Act (27311922). http://www.deepdyve.com/assets/images/DeepDyve-Logo-lg.png European Public Law Kluwer Law International

Finland: The Constitution 2000

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European Public Law , Volume 5 (3) – Sep 1, 1999
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Publisher
Kluwer Law International
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Copyright © Kluwer Law International
ISSN
1354-3725
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Abstract

FINLAND By Finnish independence in 1917, at least four Acts of a constitutional kind were in force: the 1772 Form of Government (Constitution) Act, which was of Swedish origin and had remained in force when Finland was separated from Sweden in 1809 and made an autonomous Grand-Duchy within the Russian Empire; the 1906 Diet (Constitution) Act, which introduced universal and equal suffrage and proportional elections in Finland; the 1906 Fundamental (Constitution) Act on Civil Liberties, which introduced freedom of speech, assembly and association as civil liberties the exercise of which could be limited only by an Act, not by lower statutory or administrative measures; and the 1789 Guaranty (Constitution) Charter, which defined the prerogatives of the four Estates.' Although a case can be made for a breach of constitutional continuity at this juncture, the 1919 Form of Government (Constitution) Act (9411919) was formally enacted with a reference to the amendment formula in the 1906 (Diet) Constitution Act. The 19!9 Form of Government (Constitution) Act repealed the constitutional acts of Swedish origin. Subsequently, the multi-documentary formal Constitution of Finland was broadened by the 1922 Ministerial Responsibility (Constitution) Act (274/1922) and the 1922 Court of the Realm (Constitution) Act (27311922).

Journal

European Public Law – Kluwer Law International

Published: Sep 1, 1999

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